Adaptations for dry environments

Question 1

Where do camels live?

Answer 1

In deserts that are hot during the day and cold during the night.

Question 2

What are the adaptations for a camel to help them survive in the desert? (6)

Answer 2

1) Feet:
Large, flat feet to spread their weight on the sand

2) Fur:
Thick fur on the top of the body for shade, and thin fur elsewhere to allow for easy heat loss

3) Surface area:
Large surface area to volume ratio to maximise heat loss

4) Water:
The ability to go for a long time without water - lose very little through urination and sweating

5) Temperature:
The ability to tolerate body temperatures up to 42°C

6) Sand:
Slit-like nostrils and two sets of eyelashes to help keep the sand out

Question 3

How are cacti adapted to help them survive in the desert? (3)

Answer 3

1) Stems that can store water
2) Widespread root systems that can collect water from a large area
3) Spines instead of leaves. These minimise the surface area and thus minimise water loss through transpiration. They also protect the cacti from animals that might eat them.