Adaptations

Question 1

Altitude Acclimatisation

Answer 1

Hypoxic ventilatory response
Higher heart rate
Inactive capillaries open
More blood in tissues in lungs

Question 2

Altitude Adaptations

Answer 2

Larger lung capacity 
Larger chest dimensions
Shorter stature
Elevated haemoglobin levels
Higher resting ventilation rate
Fetal oxygen transport more efficient

Question 3

Ethnic Tibetans

Answer 3

Have 78% differentiation in haemoglobin levels in blood than Han Chinese - only diverged 5000 years ago

Question 4

Heat Adaptations

Answer 4

Lower core temperature
Favourable body proportions
Sweat glands

Question 5

Heat Acclimatisation

Answer 5

(1-8 weeks)

1. Increased plasma and blood volume
2. Low sodium sweat
3. Lower threshold for sweating and vasodilation
4. Reduced heart rate (with more efficient beating)
5. Reduced metabolic rate
6. Re-absorption of sweat
7. Lower core temperature

Question 6

Cold Adaptations

Answer 6

Narrow nose
Higher core temperature
Higher resting metabolic rate
Hunters waves

Question 7

Cold Developmental Adjustments

Answer 7

Favourable body proportions
Muscle
Subcutaneous fat

Question 8

Cold Acclimatisation

Answer 8

(5-10 days)
Lower core temp
Delayed shivering
Non-shivering thermogenesis

Question 9

Behavioural Responses to Heat

Answer 9

Avoiding the heat
Finding shade
Drinking water
Dressing appropriately 
Avoiding excessive work or exercise

Question 10

Behavioural Adaptations to Cold

Answer 10

Avoiding cold
Dressing warmly
Avoiding water