adaptation & variation (7.1)

Question 1

extinction- what is it?

Answer 1

it is… environmental changes that limit the ability of/for organisms to survive

Question 2

“survival of the fittest”

Answer 2

severe weather, famine(running out of food), competition for food, space and mates, are all challenges that organisms will or will not survive. those that survive long enough to reproduce, will have the opportunity to pass along to their offspring, the genetic info that helped them survive.

Question 3

adaptation- what is it? examples?

Answer 3

it is… a structure, behaviour, or physiological process that helps an organism survive and reproduce in a particular environement
ex1: camaflouging to blend in with your envirornment
ex2: hibernations allows mammals to survive a cold and harsh winter
ex3: talons and good vision allow for peak predation

Question 4

3 types of adaptions

Answer 4

1) structural: physical feautures of the body (spikes, horns, wings, gills)
2) behavioural: things that an organism does thats advantageous (herding, trapping, socializing)
3) physiological: how the body works (milk production, venom)

Question 5

mimicry

Answer 5

some harmless species resemble a harmful specie through color opr structure.
predators that avoid the harmful specie will also avoid the mimic (the harmless).

Question 6

development of adaptations

Answer 6

adaptations are the result of random, gradual, accumulative changes that help an organism survive and reproduce.
structural, functional or physiological differences between individuals are known as variations.
environmental conditions determine whether a variation in an individula has a positive, negative, or no effect on the individulas ability to survive and reproduce.

Question 7

variations within species

Answer 7

there is a large amount of combinations of genes that offspring can inherit from their parents, this results in genetic variation amount individulas in a pop
ex: each puppy has inherited a different combination of alleles from its parent

Question 8

mutations to variation- what is mutation? when theres a mutation, what new charcteristics could the cell exhibit?

Answer 8

it is… changes in the DNA of an organism. mutations provide new alleles in a species, and mutations are also the only source of a new genetic variation within a species.
when theres a mutation, the cell could exhibit new charcteristics like…
-the cell could die
-cell could mallfunction
-cell could multiply more than it should
-cell could aquire and advantage
-cell could exhibit no change

Question 9

mutations in gamete cells

Answer 9

if a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, the mutation dissappears from the pop as soon as the organism dies. if the mutation alters the DNA in a gamete, the mutation may be passed on to succeeding generations.
mutations may provide a selective advantage.