A.D. Tropical Environments - Brunei, Pakistan

Question 1

Key information about Brunei?

Answer 1

• South East Asia
• North West Coast of Borneo
• area of low pressure
• influenced by ITCZ, trade winds

Question 2

What influences the climate conditions in Brunei?

Answer 2

1. North East Monsoon affects Borneo from December to March - air surge from Siberia causes colder minimum temperatures
2. ITCZ position moves up north during the summer - small variation in temperature throughout the year
3. El Niño - longer dry conditions
4. La Niña - wet, cold conditions
5. Localised land sea circulation - two monsoon seasons

Question 3

What causes increased rainfall and flooding in Brunei?

Answer 3

• seasonality: December wettest
• relief of land: coasts get lower amount of rainfall
• tropical cyclones: high intensity in short intervals
• thunderstorms: probable during specific times of the season

Question 4

What were the conditions in Pakistan before the floods?

Answer 4

political: -recovery from last year’s Taliban takeover
- military operations caused deforestation - decreased interception
physical: -heaviest monsoon rain in the past 80 years
- lack of investments into damns led to increased river discharge - more places reached

Question 5

What were the impacts of the Pakistan floods?

Answer 5

Agriculture: -most fertile crop area flooded - 1 billion dollars worth of crops ruined - spiralling food shortages and prices
Social: -1600 deaths
-destroyed houses - 2 million homeless
-Damage to: - electricity supply
-roads, bridges
-animal habitats, 200,000 animal deaths

Question 6

What has been done to help Pakistan?

Answer 6

• Saudi Arabia pledged 100million dollars for aid

- 157 million dollars raised all together