Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EDEXCEL A2 Chemistry > acyl chlorides and esters > Flashcards

acyl chlorides and esters Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards Periodic Table flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are acyl chlorides?

A

carboxylic acid derivatives where the -OH group is replaced by another group (-Cl) —> -COCL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

why do acyl chlorides react violently?

A

they react violently due to the very polar -COCI group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

how are acyl chlorides produced?

A

Acyl chlorides can be produced by the reaction between carboxylic acids and phosphorus(V) chloride (phosphorus pentachloride, PCI5)

CH3COOH + PCl5→ CH3COCI + POCI3+ HCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how are esters produced from carboxylic acids?
- conditions?
- catalyst?
- type of reaction?

A
  • conditions = react with alcohols under reflux
  • catalyst = strong acid catalyst (Concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as the acid catalyst)
  • type of reaction = esterification

—> Remove the -OH from the acid and the hydrogen from the alcohol to make water. Then join the acid and alcohol together.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what do esters smell like and what are they used for?

A

Esters are sweet-smelling compounds used in food flavourings and perfumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

are the boiling points of esters high or low?

A

low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what kind of molecules do esters make a good solvent for?

A

polar molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

functional group of acyl chlorides?

A

-COCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

suffix for acyl chlorides?

A

-oyl chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

functional group of esters?

A

-COO-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Acyl chlorides react via… reactions. In these reactions, the addition of a… leads to the… of a product under… conditions.

A
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
  • nucleophile
  • elimination
  • aqueous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

acyl chlorides + water —>

A

carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

acyl chlorides + water —>

A

carboxylic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

acyl chlorides + alcohol —>

A

ester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

acyl chlorides + ammonia —>

A

amide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

acyl chlorides + amines —>

A

n-substituted amide

17
Q

hydrolysis of esters produces…

A

alcohols and carboxylic acids

18
Q

hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions…

A

This produces a simple reverse reaction back to the alcohol and carboxylic acid

19
Q

hydrolysis of esters under alkaline conditions (e.g NaOH) …

A

The carboxylic acid produced reacts further with the base to form a salt

  • The process of producing this salt is called saponification

EDEXCEL A2 Chemistry (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions