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EDEXCEL A2 Chemistry > acyl chlorides and esters > Flashcards

acyl chlorides and esters Flashcards

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1
Q

what are acyl chlorides?

A

carboxylic acid derivatives where the -OH group is replaced by another group (-Cl) —> -COCL

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2
Q

why do acyl chlorides react violently?

A

they react violently due to the very polar -COCI group

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3
Q

how are acyl chlorides produced?

A

Acyl chlorides can be produced by the reaction between carboxylic acids and phosphorus(V) chloride (phosphorus pentachloride, PCI5)

CH3COOH + PCl5→ CH3COCI + POCI3+ HCI

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4
Q

how are esters produced from carboxylic acids?
- conditions?
- catalyst?
- type of reaction?

A
  • conditions = react with alcohols under reflux
  • catalyst = strong acid catalyst (Concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as the acid catalyst)
  • type of reaction = esterification

—> Remove the -OH from the acid and the hydrogen from the alcohol to make water. Then join the acid and alcohol together.

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5
Q

what do esters smell like and what are they used for?

A

Esters are sweet-smelling compounds used in food flavourings and perfumes

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6
Q

are the boiling points of esters high or low?

A

low

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7
Q

what kind of molecules do esters make a good solvent for?

A

polar molecules

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8
Q

functional group of acyl chlorides?

A

-COCl

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9
Q

suffix for acyl chlorides?

A

-oyl chloride

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10
Q

functional group of esters?

A

-COO-

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11
Q

Acyl chlorides react via… reactions. In these reactions, the addition of a… leads to the… of a product under… conditions.

A
  • nucleophilic addition-elimination
  • nucleophile
  • elimination
  • aqueous
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12
Q

acyl chlorides + water —>

A

carboxylic acid

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13
Q

acyl chlorides + water —>

A

carboxylic acid

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14
Q

acyl chlorides + alcohol —>

A

ester

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15
Q

acyl chlorides + ammonia —>

A

amide

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16
Q

acyl chlorides + amines —>

A

n-substituted amide

17
Q

hydrolysis of esters produces…

A

alcohols and carboxylic acids

18
Q

hydrolysis of esters under acidic conditions…

A

This produces a simple reverse reaction back to the alcohol and carboxylic acid

19
Q

hydrolysis of esters under alkaline conditions (e.g NaOH) …

A

The carboxylic acid produced reacts further with the base to form a salt

  • The process of producing this salt is called saponification

EDEXCEL A2 Chemistry (19 decks)

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