Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Acute Resspiratory Failure > Acute Respiratory Failure > Flashcards

Acute Respiratory Failure Flashcards

1
Q

What is external respiration ?

A

The diffusion of gases between the blood and the alveoli within the alveolar capillaries across the respiratory membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is internal respiration ?

A

The exchange of gases between the blood in the capillaries and the cells of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is ventilation ?

A

The movement of air in and out of the lungs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is Tidal Volume ?

A

The amount of air passing in and out of the lungs during each cycle of breathing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is minute volume ?

A

The amount of air passed in and out during one minute of breathing = RR and TV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Type 1 Respiratory Failure ?

A

A low Pao2..Acute hypoxaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Type 2 Respiratory Failure ?

A

An elevated paCO2..Hypercapnia and Hypoxaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the V/Q mismatch?

A 
Ventilation = V..The air that reaches the alveoli
Perfusion = Q.. The blood that reaches the alveoli via capiilaries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How is V/Q affected in ill health /

A

In pneumonia
There is adequate perfusion ( alveoli are perfused) with inadequate ventilation ( because pus in the alveoli are restricting adequate flow of respiratory gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are causes of Type 1 Respiratory Failure ?

A 
COPD
Pneumonia
Asthma
PE
Pneumorthrax
Pulmonary fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are causes of Type 2 Respiratory Failure ?

A

COPD
Severe Asthma
Drug overdose
Pulmonary Odema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

State Triggers of Asthma ?

A 
Stress
Anxiety
Mould
Dust
Smoke exercise
Cold weather
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an exacerbation ?

A

An exacerbation is a sustained worsening of a persons symptoms from their stable state beyond usual day to day variations and is acute in onset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is COPD ?

A
  1. A respiratory disease characterised by airflow obstruction ( caused by damaged lung tissue and narrowing of airways) emphysema and bronchitis
  2. Its not fully reversible
  3. It is a progressive disease over the long term
  4. Affects both the upper and lower respiratory tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How is COPD diagnosed ?

A

Forced air expiratory volume 1 (FEV1)..Max amount of air you can forcefully exhale in 1 sec. Used to stage COPD
Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) Amount of air someone can forcefully expel out of the lungs after taking a breath to fill the lungs as much as possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

State triggers of COPD ?

A

Smoking
Change in weather
Indoor and outdoor air pollution
Respiratory tract infections

17
Q

What is Asthma ?

A

Asthma is a long term condition that affects the airways making them inflamed and more sensitive.

18
Q

What happens in an Asthma Attack ?

A
  1. Irritant enters the airways
    2 Inflammatory cells release inflammatory mediators. ie histamine and prostaglandin.
    3 Causes bronchoconstriction narrowing the lumen and sends the smooth muscle into spasm.
  2. Mucous is secreted narrowing the lumen further.
  3. Air becomes trapped in the alveoli
  4. Further damage of the airway ie scarring is sustained.
19
Q

What is emphysema ?

A

1.Emphysema destroys the alveoli
2. reducing the surface area of the lung replacing it with fibrosis
3. Limiting the a amount of oxygen reaching the bloodstream causing hypoxaemia.
4 Causes lungs to lose there elasticity causing dyspnoea

20
Q

What is Chronic Bronchitis ?

A
  1. An ongoing inflammation of the bronchioles causing excessive mucus.
  2. Coughing irritates the bronchi further causing swelling and constriction.
21
Q

What is peak flow ?

A

Peak flow is how quickly you can breathe air out of your lungs. It can help indicate if you have narrowed airways.

22
Q

What is the role of Salbutomol and ipratropium bromide?

A
  1. Salbutamo and IB are both Beta 2 agonist and works on the beta 2 receptors in the smooth muscle improving air way constriction by increasing bronchodilation reducing breathlessness.
  2. Hyperkalemia
23
Q

What is anaerobic respiration ?

A

The breakdown of glucose without oxygen causing a waste product of Lactic acid.

24
Q

What is aerobic respiration ?

A

The release of energy from glucose using oxygen.
Occurs in the Mitochondria
water and C02 are the waste product.

25
Q

What are the normal muscles of respiration ?

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

26
Q

what would be your concerns for an asthmatic who had a normal C02 ?

A

It would signify exhaustion and a life threatening attack , respiratory acidosis would be evident.

Acute Resspiratory Failure (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions