Acute Respiratory Failure Flashcards
What is type 1 respiratory failure?
Acute hypoxemic RF
What is type 2 respiratory failure?
Acute hypercapnic RF
What are certain criteria that need to be met for an individual to be diagnosed with CAP? What type of bacteria is this normally? What might the sputum look like?
Patient is from community or has been in hospital less than 48 hours. Gram + bacteria. Thin watery sputum.
What certain criteria needs to be met for someone to be diagnosed with HAP? What bacteria often causes this? What might the sputum look like?
Hospitalized >48 hours. Gram - bacteria, usually polymicrobial. Yellow, green, copious secretions.
What is VAP criteria? What are common causes of it?
Mech vent greater than or equal to 48 hours. Aspiration, intubation procedure, biofilm formation, contaminated secretions, bacteria from stomach wicking up NG tube.
What are ways to prevent VAP?
Minimize/avoid sedation, early mobilization, intermittent/continuous subglottic secretion removal, semirecumbant position, change vent circuits when soiled, routine oral care with chlorhexidine, hand hygiene
What are key things to remember about nutrition
Use gut whenever possible, early nutrition is important, if GRV high continue feeding but start a motility agent
Why is hyperglycaemia not good in critical illness? Where would we like to see target BG?
Weakens immune system, 6-10.
Who is the chronically critically ill patient?
Someone who remains dependent on a high level of care and prolonged need for mechanical ventilation
What are some physiologic changes that occur during CCI? What is “ICU weakness”?
Acquired muscle dysfunction - myopathies and poly-neuropathies. ICU weakness is general profound weakness, dec deep tendon reflexes, alterations in pain and temperature, numbness and tingling.
What is associated with development of ICU weakness?
Sepsis, mech vent, inc BG, corticosteroid treatment, macronutrient overload.
What is a neuroendocrine adaptation that occurs during CCI?
Catecholamines given during critical illness to augment SNS interrupt body’s own ability to produce and restore balance leaving patient with impaired ability to cope with continuing stress
