Acute Renal Failure in Horses Flashcards
What promotes renal blood flow?
Prostaglandins
Innervation of the kidney is ______________
autonomic (involuntary or unconscious)
What are renal tubular cells susceptible to?
- Hypoxia & Ischemia
- Toxins
(T/F) Dysfunction in one body system can impair renal function
True
Is an exaggerated defense response of the body to a noxious stressor (infection, trauma, surgery, acute inflammation, ischemia or reperfusion, or malignancy, to name a few) to localize and then eliminate the endogenous or exogenous source of the insult
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)
Where does most (80%) of the blood that is going into the kidney go?
Cortex
Low bicarbonate levels in the blood are a sign of _________________
metabolic acidosis
What would indicate evidence of renal injury?
Azotemia
Electrolyte abnormalities
What is one of the main functions of the kidney?
Balance electrolytes
(retain Sodium)
Azotemia in Acute Renal Failure:
↓ renal perfusion / dehydration
Pre-renal
Azotemia in Acute Renal Failure:
Ischemia, tubular necrosis, toxicity
Renal
Azotemia in Acute Renal Failure:
Obstruction, distal infections
Post-renal
(T/F) Acute Renal Failure in horses is reversible and has a good prognosis with proper treatment
True
How can you tell that the azotemia in a horse is renal or pre-renal?
A ~50% decrease in serum creatinine after 24 h of fluid therapy suggests that it is pre-renal
(T/F) Acute kidney injury in horses (as in other species) doesn’t start as a primary renal disorder but secondary to conditions in other organs or nephrotoxins
True
(T/F) Many of these horses transition to CRF, which also has a good prognosis in horses
False, have a guarded to poor prognosis in horses
What lab findings tend to be consistent with dehydration/hypoperfusion?
Hyperlactatemia and Hemoconcentration
(T/F) Prostaglandin E2 and adenosine are major renal vasodilators
True
What are the roles that Prostaglandin E2 and Adenosine play?
They play an important role in regulating renal blood flow (increasing) and substances that interfere with their synthesis (e.g. NSAIDs) can alter renal function
(T/F) Cells in the renal cortex are more susceptible to hypoxia than in the medulla
False
(T/F) Hepatic renin cleaves angiotensinogen produced in the renal cortex
False, angiotensinogen is produced in the liver and is found continuously circulating in the plasma
(T/F) Vasopressin and nitric oxide are vasoconstrictors
False, Nitric oxide is a vasodilator
(T/F) An increased hematocrit with azotemia in acutely ill horses suggests prerenal azotemia
True, hemoconcentration with azotemia are frequent findings in horses with prerenal azotemia due to volume depletion
