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Ophthalmology > Acute Loss Of Vision > Flashcards

Acute Loss Of Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Sudden painless loss of vision means lesion in …..

A

Optic nerve

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2
Q

Stroke of eye is ?

A

Central retinal artery occlusion

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3
Q

Types of arterial and vein occlusive disease

A

Central Retinal Artery/ vein Occlusion (CRAO,CRVO)
Branch Retinal Artery/vein Occlusion (BRAO,BRVO)

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4
Q

Etiology of CARO

A

Embolic
Thrombotic
Compression

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5
Q

Important source of retinal emboli and the clinical findings

A

atherosclerotic disease of the carotid arteries, cherry red spots

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6
Q

Types of emboli

A

Calcific (cardiac)
Platelet - fibrin (carotid)
Cholesterol (carotid)

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7
Q

What causes PAN and SLE

A

Branch artery occlusion

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8
Q

Haematological disorders that cause haematogical disorders

A

Protien s and c deficiency
Antithrombin 3 deficiency
Sticky platelet syndrome and anti phospholipid antibody syndrome

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9
Q

CRAO is common in patients with systemic diseases like

A

Hypertension 60%
Carotid artery disease 50%
Diabetes mellitus 25%
Cardiac valve disease 35%

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10
Q

cause of SARO in patients less than 30 yrs of age

A

Migraine
Coagulation abnormalities
Cardiac disorders
Trauma

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11
Q

Symptoms of CRAO

A

Sudden, painless loss of vision
Transient vision loss . Amaurosis Fugax

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12
Q

Signs

A

• Relative Afferent Pupillary defect
• Fundus – Initial few minutes, normal
• Retinal Opacification
• Cherry red spot
• Box Carring of arterioles
• Thin arterioles

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13
Q

Treatment

A

Ocular massage
Decrease intraocular massage Acetazolamide
Timolol
Mannitol
Anterior Chamber Paracentesis
O2 95% + CO2 5% administration – to dilate the
vessels or breath into a bag

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14
Q

Signs of crvo + type

A

Critical .Diffuse retinal hemorrhages in all
four quadrants of the retina; dilated,
tortuous retinal veins. (Non Ischemic)

Other .Cotton–wool spots; disc edema and
hemorrhages; retinal edema; optociliary
shunt vessels on the disc;
neovascularization of the optic disc (NVD),
retina (NVE), iris (NVI), and angle (NVA) [ischemic]

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15
Q

Retinal vein occlusion

A

Increase age
Periphlebitis

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16
Q

Treatment crvo

A

Non Ischemic CRVO
Observation

Ischemic CRVO
PRP if NVI develops
Prophylactic PRP is usually not
recommended unless follow-up is in doubt.

17
Q

Pan Retinal Photocoagulation is the standard
treatment for

A

NVD/NVE/NVI

18
Q

Classification of retinal detachment

A

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
results from a tear, i.e., a break in the
retina.

Tractional retinal detachment results
from traction, i.e., from vitreous strands
that exert tensile forces on the retina.

Exudative retinal detachment is caused
by fluid. Blood, lipids, or serous fluid
accumulates between the neurosensory
retina and the retinal pigment epithelium.
Coats’ disease is a typical example.

19
Q

Rhegmatogenous RD Symptoms

A

Symptoms of PVD
Flashes of light, Floaters

Symptoms of RD
Sudden decrease in vision
(If RD is Superior)
Gradual decrease in vision
(IF RD is Inferior)

20
Q

Rhegmatogenous RD Examination
findings

A

Grayish appearance of the retina with folds which show
oscillations with movement of the eye
Loss of choroidal reflexes
Dark appearing blood vessels

21
Q

Risk factors

A

Myopia >5D - 2.4%
• Aphakia, Pseudophakia
• Lattice degeneration

22
Q

Treatment for RRD

A
  1. Localization of the retinal breaks
  2. Sealing the breaks (Cryoretinopexy/Laser photocoagulation)
  3. Chorioretinal Apposition
  4. Drainage of sub-retinal fluid
23
Q

Chorio-retinal Apposition
methods

A

External tamponade
Silicone buckle, encirclage sponge

Internal tamponade
• Pneumatic Retinopexy
Gas-Air
Sulphur Hexa Fluoride(SF6)
Perfluoropropane(C3F8)
• Silicon oil

24
Q

Treatment principles of complicated RD

A

Three Port Pars Plana Vitrectomy (TPPV)
and Silicon Oil Tamponade

25
Q

Diseases causing tractional retinal detachment

A

• Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
• Eales disease
• Trauma with or without Foreign Body.
• Retinopathy Of Prematurity

26
Q

Diseases causing exudative retinal
detachment:

A

Inflammatory:
Haradas disease
Posterior Scleritis
• Systemic
Eclampsia
Hypertension
• Tumors
Melanoma
Retinoblastoma

Ophthalmology (4 decks)

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