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Clinical Hematology 2 > Acute Leukemia > Flashcards

Acute Leukemia Flashcards

1
Q

Two types of acute leukemia

A
  1. ACUTE MYELOID/MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA (AML) / ACUTE NON-LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ANLL)
  2. ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA (ALL)
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2
Q

Acute leukemia is CHARACTERIZED BY what, in the peripheral blood and bone marrow?

A
  1. PRESENCE OF BLASTS
  2. IMMATURE LEUKOCYTES
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3
Q

Presence of anemia may be CAUSES BY what?

A

BLEEDING

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4
Q

What lab finding may be elevated in such case?

A

TOTAL LEUKOCYTE COUNT

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5
Q

Other names for acute myeloid leukemia

A

ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA / ACUTE NON-LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (ANLL)

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6
Q

FAB Classification is based on the following:

A
  1. WRIGHT-STAINED CELLS (peripheral blood / bone marrow)
  2. CYTOCHEMICAL STAINING (blast)
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7
Q

FAB Classification system is based on

A

TYPE OF CELL from which the leukemia developed and the maturity of cells

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8
Q

WHO Classification is based on

A
  1. MORPHOLOGY
  2. CYTOCHEMISTRY
  3. GENETICS
  4. IMMUNOPHENOTYPE
  5. CLINICAL FEATURES
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9
Q

WHO Classification is used to

A

Define clinically significant disease entities

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10
Q

What is the most common leukemia subtype?

A

ACUTE MYELOID / MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA / ACUTE NON-LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA

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11
Q

AML is recognized as this…, which has a characterization of MATURATION BLOCK and ACCUMULATION of acquired somatic genetic alterations in hematopoietic progenitor cells that alter NORMAL MECHANISMS OF SELF-RENEWAL, PROLIFERATION, and DIFFERENTIATION

A

HETEROGENOUS CLONAL DISORDER

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12
Q

Positive result in Myeloperoxidase

A

BLACK / REDDISH BROWN CALLED PHI BODIES

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13
Q

Types of cytoplasmic staining for differentiation of AML (+) and ALL (-)

A
  1. MYELOPEROXIDASE
  2. SUDAN BLACK B
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14
Q

Why does the staining method must be fresh for myeloperoxidase?

A

Because enzymes are unstable

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15
Q

Myeloperoxidase is a marker for?

A

AUER RODS

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16
Q

How does auer rods in myeloperoxidase become a marker?

A

DUE TO PRIMARY GRANULES

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17
Q

What color is the positive result in myeloperoxidase?

A

BLACK / REDDISH BROWN

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18
Q

Term for the positive result in myeloperoxidase which has black precipitate or reddish brown.

A

PHI BODIES

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19
Q

What does Sudan Black B stains?

A
  1. LIPIDS
  2. PHOSPHOLIPIDS
20
Q

True / False : Sudan Black B can either use air dry or fresh stain.

21
Q

Positive color in Sudan Black B

22
Q

Staining method for differentiation of granulocytic leukemia and monocytic leukemia, and vise versa

A
  1. CHLOROACETATE ESTERASE / NAPTHOL AS-D / SPECIFIC ESTERASE
  2. NON-SPECIFIC ESTERASE
23
Q

Chloroacetate esterase / Napthol AS-D / Specific Esterase is uses for?

A

GRANULOCYTIC LINEAGE

24
Q

Positive result of Chloroacetate Esterase / Napthol AS-D / Specific Esterase has a what color of granules?

25
What does non-specific esterase stain?
MONOCYTIC LINEAGE 1. MEGAKARYOCYTES 2. MACROPHAGE
26
Enumerate three stains in non-specific esterase.
1. a-NAPHTHYL BUTYRATE ESTERASE 2. a-NAPHTHYL ACETATE ESTERASE 2. SODIUM FLUORIDE
27
What can stain monocyte, megakaryocyte, and plasma cell?
ALPHA NAPHTHYL ACETATE ESTERASE
28
a-naphthyl acetate esterase produces what color?
RED BROWN
29
What color does sodium fluoride produce?
BLUE-GREEN
30
a-naphthyl butyrate esterase produces what color?
DARK RED
31
Inhibits monocytic series
SODIUM FLUORIDE
32
Stain for monocytic series under non-specific esterase
A-NAPHTHYL BUTYRATE ESTERASE
33
Periodic acid schiff (PAS) stains most carbohydrates in all red cells except
PRONORMOBLAST
34
PAS is useful for what AML classification?
M6 / ERYTHROLEUKEMIA
35
Has a positive color of either magenta or purple
PERIODIC ACID SCHIFF (PAS)
36
What are the following matters that may stained by PAS?
1. PLASMA CELL 2. LEUKOCYTIC SERIES 3. ERYTHROCYTIC CELL SERIES 4. BASOPHILS
37
Stains ACP found in lysosomes in MYELOCYTIC lineage and LYMPHOCYTIC lineage
ACID PHOSPHATASE STAIN
38
Identifies HAIRY CELL LEUKEMIA
TARTARIC ACID
39
Hairy Cell Leukemia is resistant to?
L-TARTRATE (L-TRAP)
40
Acid phosphatase stain uses what anticoagulant?
HEPARIN
41
Heparin in acid phosphatase stain produces a positive color of?
PURPLE TO RED GRANULES
42
Stains all
TERMINAL DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (TdT)
43
What's the reason why terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT) can stains ALL?
DUE TO POLYMERASE IMMUNOPEROXIDASE
44
Staining method for differentiation of ALL and AML
TERMINAL DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (TdT)
45
Toluodine blue / metachromatic stain is for?
ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE of mast cell and basophils

Clinical Hematology 2 (1 decks)

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