Acute Left Ventricular Failure

Question 1

What is Cardiac Output?

Answer 1

Volume of blood ejected by the heart per minute

Question 2

Potential Triggers of Acute Left Ventricular Failure?

Answer 2

Iatrogenic eg IV Fluids Aggressive
MI
Arrhythmias
Sepsis
Hypertensive Emergency

Question 3

Acute Left Ventricular Failure causes what type of respiratory failure?

Answer 3

Type 1 Resp Failure (Low oxy without increased carbon digoxide)

Question 4

Right Sided Heart Failure causes what?

Answer 4

Raised JVP
Peripheral Oedema

Question 5

Causes of Raised BNP?

Answer 5

Heart Failure
Tachycardia
Sepsis
Pulmonary Embolism
Renal Impairment
COPD

Question 6

What is a key measure of left ventricular function?

Answer 6

Ejection Fraction

Question 7

What may be seen on Chest X-Ray for Heart Failure?

Answer 7

Bilateral Pleural Effusions
Fluid in Interlobar Fissures
Fluid in Septal Lines (Kerley Lines)

Question 8

Treating Acute Left Ventricular Failure?

Answer 8

SODIUM

Sit up
Oxygen
Diuretics
IV Fluids stop
Underlying causes
Monitor Fluid Balance

Question 9

Morphine acts as a?

Answer 9

Vasodilator

Question 10

What do Inotropes such as Doputamine do?

Answer 10

Improve cardiac output

Question 11

What do Inotropes such as Doputamine do?

Answer 11

Improve cardiac output

Question 12

What do vasopressors such as noradrenalin do?

Answer 12

Improve blood pressure by vasoconstriction