Acute Kidney Injury

Question 1

Name some types of nephrotoxic drugs

Answer 1

1. ACE-inhibitors
2. ARBs
3. Diuretics
4. Gentamicin and other aminoglycosides
5. NSAIDs

Question 2

What are pre-renal causes of an AKI?

Answer 2

1. Renal artery stenosis
2. Dehydration
3. Shock

Patency of arteries

Question 3

What are intrinsic causes of an AKI?

Answer 3

1. Glomerulonephritis
2. Ischaemia
3. Nephrotoxic drugs
4. Vasculitis

Vascular causes

Question 4

What are post-renal causes of an AKI?

Answer 4

1. Obstructions, e.g. calculi
2. Enlarged prostate or other structure pressing, e.g. BPH
3. Renal tumour or other tumour pressing

All to do with obstructions

Question 5

How common are intrinsic AKIs?

Answer 5

10% of AKI cases

Least common

Question 6

How common are pre-renal AKIs?

Answer 6

70% of AKI cases

Most common

Question 7

How common are post-renal AKIs?

Answer 7

20% of AKI cases

Question 8

What investigation results would you expect in a pre-renal AKI?

Answer 8

Urea rise that is higher than the creatinine one

Question 9

What investigations results would you expect in an intrinsic AKI?

Answer 9

Urea rise that is lower than the creatinine one

Question 10

What investigations would you expect in a post-renal AKI?

Answer 10

Urea rise that is lower than the creatinine one

Question 11

What are the treatments of an AKI?

Answer 11

1. Stop nephrotoxic drugs
2. Stop the cause of the AKI
3. IV fluids
4. Treat the cause of the AKI

Question 12

What requires monitoring in a person with an AKI?

Answer 12

1. Urea and electrolytes
2. Fluid balance