Acute kidney injury Flashcards by Holly O'Flanagan | Brainscape

Q

NICE criteria for AKI

A

Rise in creatinine >25micromol/L in 48 hours

Rise in creatinine >50% in 7 days

Urine output <0.5ml/kg/hour for >6 hours

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Q

Risk factors for AKI

A

CKD

Heart failure

Diabetes

Liver disease

Older age

Cognitive impairment

Nephrotoxic medications (NSAIDs and ACEi)

Use of contrast medium

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Q

Pre-renal causes

A

Most common cause of AKI

Due to inadequate blood supply to kidneys

Dehydration (diarrhoea/ vomiting)

Hypotension (shock)

Heart failure

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Q

Renal causes

A

Glomerulonephritis

Interstitial nephritis

Acute tubular necrosis

Rhabdomyolysis

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Q

Post-renal causes

A

Caused by obstruction to the outflow

Kidney stones

Masses (cancers)

Strictures

Enlarged prostate or prostate cancer

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Q

Symptoms and signs

A

Reduced urine output

Pulmonary and peripheral oedema

Arrhythmias

Features of uraemia

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Q

Drugs to stop in AKI

A

NSAIDs

Aminoglycosides

ACEi

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Diuretics

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Q

Management

A

IV fluids in pre-renal AKI

Stop nephrotoxic medications

Relieve obstruction in post-renal

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Q

Complications

A

Hyperkalaemia

Fluid overload, heart failure and pulmonary oedema

Metabolic acidosis

Uraemia leading to encephalopathy or pericarditis

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