Acute Inflammation Flashcards
what are the most common and medically mediated acute inflammation?
infections ( bacterial, parasitic, fungal & viral )
Hyperemia is the first phase that occurs in acute inflammation. it occurs mainly under the effect of?
histamine
redness ( erythema ) and warmth is the characteristics of acute inflammation, which is mainly caused by ?
hyperemia
increased vascular permeability leads to the accumulation of protein - rich fluid ka ____ into the tissues by osmosis. it occurs as a result of;
- ____ cell contraction leading to intercellular gaps . this contraction occurs due to the effect of chemical mediators ___ & ___.
- ___?_____.
exudate
endothelial
histamine & bradykinin
endothelial injury due to burns and some infection.
beneficial effects of fluid exudate( 5 pts )
- dilution of toxins produced by bacteria
- entry of antibodies .
- transport of antibiotics
- fibrin formation to impede the micro-organisms movements thus trapping them.
- delivery of oxygen and nutrients for active cells such as neutrophils
the process of neutrophils to flow in the plasmatic zone is known as?
margination
the process of adhesion of neutrophils to the vascular endothelium at the sites of acute inflammation is called ?
pavementing
the leukocytes migrate through the vessel wall primarily by squeezing between cells at intercellular junctions. this occurs mainly in the ___?
venules
red cells may escape from the vessels , but the process is passive and depends on hydrostatic pressure .
the statements refers which process ?
Diapedesis
chemotactic factors includes? ( 4 pts )
- bacterial products
- cytokines
- c5 - complement system
- arachidonic acid (AA) particularly leukotrine B4 (LTB4)
in acute inflammation macrophages paly a ___ role than neutrophils .
lesser
redness & hotness that occurs in acute inflammation is ka?
flare
pain that occurs in acute inflammation is due to
- nerve compression by exudate
2. irritation by mediators as bradykinin and prostaglandin E2
what is the simple test for systemic inflammatory response?
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
what are the systemic effects of acute inflammation?
fever : cytokines stimulate production of prostaglandins in the hypothalamus which inturn stimulate the production of neurotransmitters which function to reset the temperature set point at a higher level.
production of acute phase proteins such as C- reactive protein, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen are secreted in excess under the effect of cytokines.
cytokines stimulate production of leukocytes from precursors in the bone marrow.
what are pyogenic organisms?
staphylococci, gonococci, pneumococci. —> pus forming organisms.
receptors recognize host proteins known as ____ that coat microbes and target them for phagocytosis , this process is called _____.
oposonins; oposonization
pus fluid doesnot co agulate on standing because ?
fibrin is liquified
pus is yellow in case of ____ infection due to ____ pigments.
staphylococcal ; bacterial
pus is sangineous ( blood stained ) in case of ____ infection
streptococcal
pus is green in case of ____ infection
pyocyaneous
localized suppurative infection is caused mainly by ____ which secrete ____ enzyme.
staphylococci aureus , coagulase
____ family of adhesion molecules mediates rolling? ___ receptors expressed on leukocytes and endothelium.
selectins
lunge abscess causes ______
gangrene
brain abscess resulting in _____.
increased intracranial tension
liver abscess resulting in _____.
obstructive jaundice.
furuncle: folliculitis
staphylococcal infection of the hair follicles
______ is more common in diabetes and commonly seen at the ______
carbuncle ; back of the neck
the basement membrane is dissolved by ____
collagenases
swelling (the ____) due to accumulation of ____.
wheal, exudate
