Acute Inflammation

Question 1

TLR’s

Answer 1

-Part of innate and adaptive immune response recognize PAMP’s.

Question 2

NF-KB

Answer 2

-Transcription factor downstream of TLR’s turns on pro-inlammatory genes

Question 3

CD-14

Answer 3

-TLR on macrophages that responds to LPS on gram negative bacterial cell Surfaces

Question 4

Arachadonic Acid

Answer 4

-Cleaved by PLA2, inhibited by steroids

Question 5

COX Pathway

Answer 5

• PGE2, PGD2, PGI2
• Causes Vasodilation at Arteriole and increased permiability at venule
• Pain and fever

Question 6

5-Lipo Oxygenase Pathway

Answer 6

• C4,D4,E4 also B4
• Constriction and spasm of smooth muscle, increased permeability but vaso and broncho constriction.
• Generated by mast cell and responsible for maintaining acute inflammation

Question 7

LTB4

Answer 7

-Attracts Neutrophils

Question 8

Attract Neutrophils

Answer 8

• C3a, C5a
• LTB4
• IL-8
• Bacterial Products

Question 9

Mast Cells

Answer 9

• Degranulate in response to IgE crosslinking, C3a and C5a, Trauma
• Release of Histamine
• Release of Leukotrienes (5-Lipo Oxygenase) to maintain the immune response

Question 10

Histamine

Answer 10

-Vasodilation and Increased vascular permiability, released from mast cells

Question 11

Complement

Answer 11

• C3 Convertase
• C5 Convertase
• MAC

Question 12

Classical Pathway

Answer 12

-Activation upon Ag binding to IgM or IgG

Question 13

Alternative Pathway

Answer 13

-Activated upon attachment to bacterial products

Question 14

MBL Pathway

Answer 14

-Mannose Binding lectin binds mannose on the surface of bacteria and stabalizes comlement

Question 15

C3

Answer 15

• C3a is proinflammatory molecule and activator of mast cells
• C3b joins to form a C5 convertase and is a powerful opsin

Question 16

C5

Answer 16

• C5a is an attractant of Neutrophils and activator of mast cells
• C5b allows for assembly of MAC

Question 17

Hageman Factor (XII)

Answer 17

• Activated on contact with endothelium
• Activates clotting cascade and kinin cascade
• Serine Protease
• Also activated by lipid A and endotoxin

Question 18

DIC

Answer 18

Caused by Hegeman factor in Sepsis

-Activated by endotoxin and lipid A

Question 19

Kinin Cascade

Answer 19

-Hageman factor cleaves High Molecular Weight Kinin to Badykinin

Question 20

PGE2

Answer 20

• Causes Pain by sensitizing neurons

- Causes fever by increasing hypothalamic set point

Question 21

Bradykinin

Answer 21

-Causes pain and increases vascular permeability and vasodilation

Question 22

Redness and Warmth

Answer 22

-Vasodilation from Histamine, PGE2,D2,I2 and Bradykinin

Question 23

Swelling

Answer 23

-Histamine and damage to endothelium

Question 24

Pain

Answer 24

-Bradykinin and PGE2

Question 25

Fever

Answer 25

-Release of IL-1 and TNF from macrophages causes activation of COX in perivascular cells in hypothalamus resulting in PGE2 and an increase in the hypothalamic temperature set point.