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Year 3 MOD Nutrition and cattle feet > Acute GI disease SA > Flashcards

Acute GI disease SA Flashcards

1
Q

List categories of acute vomiting and diarrhoea

A
  1. Self limiting/non fatal
  2. secondary to systemic disease
  3. severe, potentially life threatening: enteric infection, AHDS, HGE, intestinal obstruction, Parvo
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2
Q

What is the most important part of care

A

supportive, making sure doesn’t become dehydrated

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3
Q

What is it called if SI, LI, stomach

A

Gastritis - stomach
SI - enteritis
LI - colitis

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4
Q

Signs D+ is linked tot SI

A

Normal/ slight inc freq large volumes associated with WL over time maybe melaena. no blood/mucous no tenesmus

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5
Q

Signs D+ in LI

A

Normal/slight inc volumes frequent
tenesmus
blood and mucoid
not usually WL

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6
Q

Causes acute gastritis and its presenting signs

A

Presenting: acute onset, freq vomiting, often acute D+, common, self limiting

Many diff causes
dietary indiscretions, garbage intoxication
foreign material
hairballs (bezoars) in cats
certain drugs
acute systemic disease
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7
Q

How to assess hydration

A

PCV / TP MM

skin tenting

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8
Q

What other tests may you want to do?

A 
haematology
serum biochemistry
urinalysis
faecal examinations for parasites
other faecal examinations ?
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9
Q

Faecal microbiology

A

ELISA - viral antigen
Parasitology: direct smear and flotation (Giardia)
Serolofu - Giardia SNAP test, Parvo SNAP test

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10
Q

Tests done, assessed dehydration still not sure.. what may you do

A

Imaging:

US and Radiograph

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11
Q

Emergency diagnostics- presenting with parachute crisis

A 
PCV/total protein (refractometer)
Examine blood smear
Blood glucose (glucometer)
Blood urea (dipstick)
Urinalysis
(Electrolytes)
(Blood gas analysis)
(ECG)
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12
Q

What drugs are conraindicated in acute D+?

A

Corticosteroids / NSAIDs

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13
Q

When would you use oral rehydration solutions?

A

not vomiting or several dehydrated

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14
Q

What about food?

A

Symptomatic treatment suggests that fasting for 12 hrs then frequent small amounts bland low fat food good but

small or pup feed diarrhoea as reduces the potential of sepsis. Don’t have a choice. Larger = fast

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15
Q

What drug would you give to a vomiting animal

A

Anti-emetic:
maropitant = licensed, long DoA (1 dose), few adverse affects
NK-1 receptor antagonist
Maropitant binds to NK1 receptors in CTZ and vomiting centre
Blocks binding of substance P therefore inhibits vomiting

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16
Q

Vomiting persisting, what would you give dog to protect gastric mucosa so stop / protect ulcer

A

H2-receptor antagonists = blocks H2 stimulation proton pump = stops histamine = stops acid secretion
E.g. Cimetidine (Zitac)
LICENSED

Omeprazole = proton pump inhibitor (not licensed D

Sucralfate – gastric protective
Antacids
Neutralised existing acid in lumen
e.g. Aluminium or magnesium hydroxide

17
Q

What would you give a dog to STOp D+

A

Motility modifier -
Opiate = slows rate of transit = inc segmental contract but decrease peristalsis = slows transit
= inc water absorption

18
Q

When re antibiotics indicated?

A

haemorrhagic diarrhoea
diarrhoea + pyrexia
known infection e.g. salmonella, campylobacter, Ecoli

19
Q

Proc and cons to antibiotics

A

upset natural flora, cause D+, promote resistance but there is risk of sepsis if mucosal barrier compromised so sometimes needed

20
Q

Use of probiotics??

A 
Do no harm, easy to admin
live	micro-organisms
administered orally
alter the intestinal microflora
proposed to have	a beneficial effect on health
21
Q

What is canine acute haemorrhage D+ syndrome? AHDS or HGE

A

Little dog, severe, acute haemorrhagic D+
affects all ages
especially toy and miniature breeds
syndromeof unknown aetiology

Not an inflame disease but there is altered mucosal permeability or secretion

22
Q

Clinical signs of acute haemorrhage D+ syndrome?

A 
sudden onset of vomition ± blood
may precede diarrhoea by a few hours
severe	bloody diarrhoea
marked haemoconcentration
depression
shock
23
Q

Do bloods on a dog with suspected AHDS. what do you expect to see?

A

Marked PCV elevation
Normal skin turgor
Unremarkable WBC, radiograph, blood chemistry

24
Q

How do we treat yorkie with AHDS in practice?

A

Prompt vigorous fluid therapy
IV balanced electrolyte solution

80ml/kg/pr until CRT normal and PCV below 50

25
Q

How do we treat AHDS once stable?

A

withhold all food and water
parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotics
protectants
anti-emetics or anti-diarrhoeals ?

If untreated = death due to shock and circulatory failure

If treated mortality is low but note some dogs have repeated episodes

Year 3 MOD Nutrition and cattle feet (6 decks)

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