ACUTE GI BLEEDING Flashcards
What is the incidence of hospital admissions due to acute GI bleeding?
“0.1%”
What is the mortality rate of acute GI bleeding?
“5-10%; for <60 y/o: < 1%”
What are independent predictors of acute GI bleeding?
“Increasing age
What is the function of the alimentary canal?
“Provide nutrients
What are the layers of the alimentary canal (inner to outer)?
“Mucosa
What is the blood supply of the GI system called?
“Splanchnic circulation”
What are the presentations of gastrointestinal bleeding?
“Hematemesis
What are the classifications of GI bleeding?
“UGIB and LGIB”
Which is more common, UGIB or LGIB?
“UGIB (4x > LGIB)”
What is hematemesis associated with?
“UGIB”
What is melena?
“Blood in the GIT for at least 14 hours and as long as 3-5 days”
What increases the likelihood of melena?
“A more proximal bleeding site”
What is hematochezia associated with?
“LGIB”
What might bleeding lesions of the small bowel present as?
“Melena or hematochezia”
What are clues to UGIB?
“Hyperactive bowel sounds
What are UGIB bleeding sources?
“Esophagus
What are the two types of UGIB?
“Variceal bleeding and non-variceal bleeding”
What is variceal bleeding associated with?
“History of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis”
What does liver cirrhosis result in?
“Portal hypertension and porto-systemic anastomosis”
What are common sites of portosystemic anastomosis?
“Esophagus
What are the steps in the approach to a patient with acute GI bleeding?
“History
What symptoms are seen in the history of a patient with acute GI bleeding?
“Abdominal pain
What findings are seen in physical examination of acute GI bleeding?
“Weak pulse
What are the key laboratory tests in acute GI bleeding?
“CBC
