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Review of Infectious Diseases > Acute diarrhoea > Flashcards

Acute diarrhoea Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of diarrhoea

A

The passage of loose/ watery stools at least 3-4 times a day

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2
Q

Definition of dysentery

A

Diarrhoea with visible blood

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3
Q

What pathogen is dysentery associated with?

A

An invasive enteric pathogen

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4
Q

What clinical features is dysentery associated with?

A

Fever + abdominal pain

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5
Q

2 pathophysiological mechanisms of diarrhoeal disease

A
  1. Small bowel disease :shift of electrolytes and water

2. Large bowel: Inflammatory or cytotoxic destruction by invasive organisms

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6
Q

Risk factors for acute diarrhoea

A
  1. Poor socio-economic conditions
  2. Babies and children
  3. HIV infected
  4. Hospitalisation
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7
Q

Diarrhoae for <14 days

A

Acute

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8
Q

Diarrhoea for 14-28 days

A

Persistent

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9
Q

Diarrhoea for >28 days

A

Chronic

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10
Q

Which pathogens mainly cause dehydration?

A

Toxin producers

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11
Q

Which pathogens mainly cause dysentery?

A

Invasive organisms (those that cause variable and severe inflammation)

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12
Q

What are the indications for further evaluation of acute diarrhoea?

A
  1. Profuse diarrhoea +dehydration
  2. Dysentery
  3. > 48 hours without improvement
  4. Recent AB use
  5. Associated with a community outbreak
  6. Abdominal pain in patients >50 years
  7. Elderly (>70) and immunocompromised patients
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13
Q

Cornerstone of diagnostic evaluation of acute diarrhea?

A
  1. Microscopy
  2. Culture
  3. Immunoassays
  4. PCR
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14
Q

Management of mild diarrhoea

A

Fluid alone

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15
Q

Management of severe diarrhoea

A

Fluid, sugar and electrolytes

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16
Q

When is the use of antisecretory and antimotility agents indicated?

A

Moderate diarrhoea without fever and dysentery

17
Q

When are ABs used for acute diarrhoea?

A

Febrile dysentery present

18
Q

What organisms are responsible for persistent/ chronic diarrhoea?

A

Giardia, cryptospordium, Campylobacter, C. difficile

19
Q

What are the risk factors for persistent/chronic diarrhoea?

A
  1. Socio-economic status
  2. Children <2 years
  3. Immunocompromised hosts
20
Q

Management of persistent/ chronic diarrhoea

A

Correct fluid and electrolytes

AB if leucocytes in stool

21
Q

Differential diagnosis for chronic/persistent diarrhoae

A
  1. Inflammatory bowel disease
  2. Ca
  3. Endocrine conditions
  4. Exotic infections

Review of Infectious Diseases (7 decks)

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