Acute Coronary Syndrome Flashcards

1
Q

Name 5 modifiable risk factors for acute coronary syndrome?

A

Smoking
Diabetes
High BP
Hypercholesterolaemia
Obesity

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2
Q

Which two tests should be used for acs?

A

ECG
Troponin

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3
Q

How should you initially manage ACS?

A

MONA

Morphine
Oxygen if <94%
Nitrates
Aspirin

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4
Q

How should you manage STEMI?

A

Antiplatelet eg Clopidogrel, Prausgrel and Ticagrelor
PCI within 2 hours

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5
Q

If using a PCI for Stemi and your patient has taken oral anticoagulants what medication should you prescribe?

A

Clopidogrel

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6
Q

If using a PCI for stemi and your patient does not take oral anticoagulation what medication should you prescribe?

A

Prausegrel

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7
Q

If your patient has a low risk of bleeding what medication should you give for NSTEMI/Unstable Angina when no immediate angiography?

A

Aspirin and Fondaparinux

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8
Q

If your patient has a high risk of bleeding what medication should you give for NSTEMI/Unstable Angina and needs immediate angiography?

A

Unfractioned Heparin

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9
Q

For an STEMI what is present on ecg at 3 days?

A

Q Waves

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10
Q

How do NSTEMI’s present on ECG?

A

St Depression and T Wave Inversion

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11
Q

What is Fondaparinux?

A

Blood thinner that selectively inhibits factor XA

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12
Q

If thrombolysing a STEMI patient what should you use?

A

Telecteplase

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13
Q

When should you never useTelecteplase with in STEMI thrombolysis?

A

Previous stroke or previous intracranial bleed

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14
Q

Which leads would you expect to see changes for a STEMI in the Left Anterior Descending Artery

A

V1-4

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15
Q

Which leads would you expect to see changes for a STEMI in the Right Coronary Artery?

A

IV, III, AVF

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16
Q

Which leads would you expect to see changes for a STEMI in the Left Circumflex Artery?

17
Q

Which leads would you expect to see changes for a STEMI in Right Coronary Artery?

A

Posterior Leads

18
Q

Which arrythmia complications can happen after ACS? (7)

A

Sinus Bradycardia
1st Degree AV Block
Morbitz Type 2 (Wenckleback Phenomena)
Sudden complete AV Block
Sinus Tachycardia
SVT
VT

19
Q

Sinus Bradycardia is a particular risk of ACS if there is a heart attack where?

A

Inferior MI

20
Q

1st Degree AV Block is a particular risk of ACS if there is a heart attack where?

A

Inferior MI

21
Q

Mobitz Type 2 gives a high risk of?

A

Sudden complete AV Block and needs paced

22
Q

How does Pericarditis present on ecg?

A

Saddle shaped and ST Elevation

23
Q

What happens to cardiac output and JVP in Right Ventricular Failure?

A

CO Decreases and JVP increases

24
Q

What happens to cardiac output in cardiac tamponade?

25
Name 3 features of cardiac tamponade?
Pulsus Paradoxus Kussmaul Sign Muffled Heart Sounds
26
What kind of murmur is present in ventricular septal defect?
Pansystolic
27
What happens to JVP in ventricular septal defect
Increased
28
Name 4 Features of Dresslers related to ACS?
Recurrent Pericarditis Pleural Effusion Fever Anaemia
29
Name 4 Features of Dresslers related to ACS?
Recurrent Pericarditis Pleural Effusion Fever Anaemia
30
Which blood test is important to check in Dresslers?
ESR as it will be raised 1-3 weeks post MI
31
How to treat Dresslers?
NSAIDS
32
When should CABG be used? (2)
Unstable Angina Triple Vessel Disease
33
What medications should be given for a year after an MI?
Aspirin and Ticagrelor or Clopidogrel