Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pulmonary > Acute bronchitis, influenza and TB > Flashcards

Acute bronchitis, influenza and TB Flashcards

1
Q

What is bronchitis

A

inflammation of the large airways of the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Common causes of bronchitis

A

VIRUS

  • influenza A and B
  • parainfluenza
  • RSV
  • coronavirus
  • rhinovirus
  • adenovirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Clinical manifestations of acute bronchitis

A
  • persistent cough for 1 to 3 weeks
  • with or without sputum
  • low grade fever
  • wheezing, mild dyspnea
  • rhonchi that clears with cough
  • chest pain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why do you do a CXR if bronchitis is suspected

A

to rule out pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Indications for a chest xray with bronchitis

A
  • tachycardia/tachypnea
  • fever
  • hypoxia
  • dementia
  • rales,egophany, tactile fremitus
  • MS change in pts >75
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When is bronchitis suspected in a patient

A

persistent cough for at least 5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is procalcitonin

A

blood test used to detect a bacterial infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What procalcitonin levels would you consider using antibiotics

A

> 0.25 mcg/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OTC cough med for bronchitis

A
  • Dextromethorphan (cough suppressant)

- guaifenesin (expectorant)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Management of bronchitis

A
  • patient education
  • bronchodilators
  • antitussives
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Perscription cough medications for bronchitis

A
  • robitussin AC (guaifenesin with codiene)

- tessalon pearles (benzonatate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

High risk populations for the flu

A
  • pregnant women
  • children
  • > 65
  • comorbities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is influenza subtyped

A

surface hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) antigens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many different H antigens are there? N?

A

16 H

9 N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What three subtypes affect humans

A

H1, H2, H3, N1, N2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Antigenic shifts

A

major changes in the glycooproteins of H and N

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are antigenic shifts responsible for

A

pandemics and epidemics

18
Q

Antigenic drifts

A

result from point mutations in the RNA gene segments

19
Q

Clinical manifestation of influenza

A
  • sudden onset
  • headache
  • fever
  • myalgia
  • cough
  • sore throat
20
Q

Rapid influenza antigen testing

A
  • differentiates between types A and B

- nasopharyngeal swab

21
Q

Immunifuorescence

A
  • respiratory swab
  • direct and indirect staining
  • depends on laboratory expertise
  • not often used
22
Q

Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)

A
  • most sensitive and specific
  • differentiates between types and subtypes
  • get specimen through nasal swab, bronchial lavage, throat swab
23
Q

Neuraminidase inhibitors for influenza

A
  • zanaminvir
  • oseltamivir
  • peramivir
24
Q

Adamantane agents for influenza

A
  • amantadine
  • rimantadine

*no longer recommended

25
What type of flu vaccine is recommended in patients >65
high dose vaccine
26
Where are the highest rates of TB
sub-Sarharan africa, india, and islands of southeast asia and micronesia
27
Factors associated with risk of transmission of TB
- presence of active untreated pulmonary or laryngeal disease - presence of cavitary disease - presence of sputum positive for m. tuberculosis AFB
28
High risk procedures for TB transmission
- intubation - bronchoscopy - sputum induction - chest PT - administration of aerosolized drugs - irrigation of TB abscess - autopsy
29
Four stages of TB
1. immediate clearance of the organism 2. primary disease 3. latent infection 4. reactivation disease
30
Clinical manifestation of primary disease
- fever - fatigue - arthralgia - cough - pharyngitis
31
Clinical manifestation of reactivation disease
- weight loss - night sweats - anorexia - pleuritic or retrosternal chest pain
32
When is a PPD test considered positive in a healthy person
>15 mm
33
Diagnosis of active disease in TB
Sputum (ABF stain or mycobacterial culture)
34
When to do a chest xray with TB
- suspected active TB - positive PPD - positive IGRA
35
Where is TB typically found
in the upper lobes
36
What are the goal of TB treatment
- eradication - prevent transmission - prevent relapse - prevent development of drug resistance
37
Medication management for TB
- isoniazid - rifampin - pyrazinamide - ethambutol - +/- streptomycin *all given simultaneously
38
Intensive phase of TB treatment
- give all 4 drugs - lasts 2 months - give meds on empty stomach - monitor LFTs
39
Continuation phase of TB treatment
- give isoniazid and rifampin - 4 months - until 2 consecutive negative cultures
40
Management of latent TB
- isoniazid x9 months | - rifampin x4 months
41
Multi-drug resistant TB
resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin
42
Extensively drug resistant TB
resistant to at least isoniazid, rifampin and at least on of the three injectable second line durgs (capromycin, kanamycin, amikacin)

Pulmonary (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions