Acute and Coronary Syndromes Flashcards
Chronic stable angina definition
Angina that has not increased in frequency or severity over time
Unstable angina definition
New onset
Angina that is changed in frequency, severity, or duration or occurs with less exertion or at rest
How long dies typical unstable angina pain last
longer than 20 minsPr
Prinzmetal’s (Variant) angina definition
Resting angina caused by coronary artery spasm
NSTEMI (Non-ST-Segmented elevated MI) definition
Intermittently occlusive thrombus that may cause myocardial necrosis of the inner most layer of the myocardium
STEMI (ST- segment elevation MI) definition
Occlusive thrombosis
-thrombus occluding a coronary vessel for a prolonged period of time.
- Reduced blood floe results in myocardial ischemia, injury, and necrosis with damage extending through all myocardial layers
PQRST stands for?
P- provoke
Q- quality
R- radiation
S- severity
T- timing
What groups of people have atypical presentations for MI
Women
Diabetics
Elderly
How do women present with an MI?
tired
lack of energy
SOB
more likely to deny pain
How do diabetics present with an MI?
Silent ischemia
How do elderly present with an MI?
weakness
dyspnea
confusion
What are possible atypical pain locations of an MI other than Substernal and upper left side?
Back
Between shoulder blades
Upper abdomen
Shoulders
Elbows
Ears
Typical presentations of an MI
chest pain/discomfort
N/V
Pallor
Diaphoretic/ cool clammy skin
Hemodynamic instability
Dyspnea
Arrythmias
Weakness/lightheadedness
Anxiety
Possible nursing diagnosis for MI
Risk for decreased cardiac perfusion
Nursing interventions for MI/ coronary syndromes
-Treatment of angina pain (PRIORITY)
-Stop all patient activity/ sit or rest in bed
- ECG obtained/ assessed
- Administer oxygen
- Medications
- Reperfusion
-positioning
- quiet environment
What is the priority nursing interventions for coronary syndromes?
Treatment of angina pain
MI medications
MONA
- heparin, beta blockers, CCBs
Health teaching for MI patients?
smoking cessation
diet control
complementary/ alterative therapies
physical activity
sexual activity
BP &BG control
cardiac meds
self monitoring
