Acute and Chronic Pain (week 5) Flashcards
What is the definition of pain?
- unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Define allodynia
- perception of a normally nonharmful stimulus as painful
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
_______ is defined as the absence of pain in the presence of a normally painful stimulus
- analgesia
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
What is the difference between neuralgia and neuropathy?
- Neuralgia = pain in the distribution of a peripheral nerve(s)
- Neuropathy = abnormal disturbance in the function of a nerve(s)
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
________ is an unpleasant, painful, abnormal sensation (evoked or spontaneous) and ____________ is an abnormal sensation (evoked or spontaneous)
- dysesthesia
- paresthesia
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
What word is used to describe a heightened response to a normally painful stimulus?
- Hyperalgesia
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
What does it mean if something is described as algogenic?
- it is pain producing
Nagelhout, pg. 1294
True or false:
Nociceptive pain is caused by damage to peripheral or central neural structures resulting in abnormal processing of painful stimuli
False
- This is a description of nonnociceptive or neuropathic pain
- Nociceptive pain is associated with stimulation of specific nociceptors
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Nociceptive pain can be further classified as ________ or ________
- somatic
- visceral
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Describe the qualities of nociceptive somatic pain
- well localized
- sharp
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Describe the qualities of nociceptive visceral pain
- diffuse
- may be reffered to another area
- “dull”, “cramping”, “squeezing” or otherwise vague in nature
- often accompanied by autonomic reflexes (N/V/D)
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Nonnociceptive/neuropathic pain is a dysfunction of the central nervous system and is often described as:
- “burning”, “tingling”, “shocklike”
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Somatic nociceptive pain is most commonly defined in terms of what four processes?
- transduction
- transmission
- perception
- modulation
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Provide a brief definition of pain transduction
- the transformation of a noxious stimulus (e.g. chemical, mehanical, thermal) into an action potential
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
The peripheral nociceptors that conduct noxious stimuli to the CNS are categorized according to morphology - the following description is of which type of neuron?
- relatively larger
- myelinated
- conduction velocity between 6 and 30 m/s
- elicit fast, sharp pain
- A-delta primary afferent neurons
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Desribe the morphology/characteristics (diameter, myelination, conduction velocity) of C primary afferent neurons
- smaller than A-delta
- nonmyelinated
- conduction velocity between 0.5 and 2 m/s
- delayed, slow, second pain described as “dull”, “burning”, “throbbing”, and “aching”
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
A series of biochemical events take place in peripheral pain transduction - name several of the chemical mediators/neurotransmitters involved:
- substance P
- glutamate
- bradykinin
- histamine
- serotonin
- prostaglandins
- cytokines
- calcitonin gene-related peptide
Nagelhout, pg. 1293-1295
Which chemical mediator(s) or neurotransmitter(s) are associated with fast, sharp pain? Which are associated with slow, chronic pain?
- Fast: glutamate
- Slow: substance P
Nagelhout, pg. 1293
Transmission is the process by which an action potential is _____________
- conducted from the periphery to the CNS
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
The spinothalamic (anterolateral) system carries pain signals from which areas of the body?
- the trunk and lower extremities
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
The primary afferent neurons have cell bodies that are located where?
- Dorsal root ganglion
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
Where do the axons of the primary afferent nerve fibers synapse with second order neurons?
Gray matter of the dorsal horn of spinal cord
- more specifically - Rexed laminae I, II,and V
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
What are the two types of second-order neurons involved in pain transmission?
- nociceptive neurons
- wide-dynamic range (WDR) neurons
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
What is the destination of second-order neurons where they synapse with third-order neurons?
- The thalamus
remember, this is the spinoTHALAMIC tract
Nagelhout, pg. 1295
