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Sport - Injury Prevention and the Rehabilitation of Injury > Acute and chronic injuries > Flashcards

Acute and chronic injuries Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of acute injuries

A

A sudden injury associated with a traumatic event

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2
Q

Definition of chronic injuries

A

A slowly developed injury associated with overuse

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3
Q

What are examples of acute soft tissue injuries?

A

Contusion, haematoma, sprain, strain, abrasion, blister

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4
Q

What are examples of acute hard tissue injuries?

A

Fractures, dislocation, subluxion

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5
Q

What are examples of chronic soft tissue injuries?

A

Shin splints (MTSS), tendinosis, achilles tendinosis, tennis elbow, golfers elbow, bruisitis

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6
Q

What are examples of chronic hard tissue injuries?

A

Stress fractures, osteoarthritis

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7
Q

Definition of hard tissue injuries

A

Damage to the bone, joint or cartilage, including fractures or dislocations

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8
Q

Definition of soft tissue injuries?

A

Damage to the skin, muscle, tendon or ligament including tears, strains or sprains

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9
Q

What type of injury is a fracture?

A

Acute, hard tissue

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of a fracture?

A

Pain
Inability to move or unnatural movement
Deformity
Swelling
Discolouration

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11
Q

Definition of a fracture

A

A partial or complete break in a bone due to an excessive force that overcomes the bones potential to flex

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12
Q

What are the causes of a fracture?

A

Direct force (collision or object)
Indirect force (falling or poor technique)

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13
Q

What are the two main classifications of a fracture?

A

Compound (open) and Simple (closed)

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14
Q

What is a compound (open) fracture?

A

Where the bond breaks through the skin, high risk of infection

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15
Q

What is a simple (closed) fracture?

A

A fracture where the skin remains unbroken as the fracture causes little movement of the bone and therefore minimises damage to the soft tissue surrounding it

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16
Q

What are the different types of fracture?

A

Greenstick, Transverse, Oblique, Spiral, Comminuted, Impacted and Avulsion

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17
Q

What is a greenstick fracture?

A

A splitting partial break in the bone resulting from, a bending action

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18
Q

What is a transverse fracture?

A

Oblique and spiral fractures: a perpendicular crack, diagonal or twisting diagonal respectively across the length of the bone

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19
Q

What is a comminuted fracture?

A

A crack producing multiple fragments of bone and a long recovery process

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20
Q

What is an impacted fracture?

A

A break caused by the ends of a bone being compressed together

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21
Q

What is an avulsion fracture?

A

A bone fragment detached at the site of connective tissue attachment

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22
Q

What is a complete fracture?

A

A total break in the bone which separates the bone in to one or more fragments

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23
Q

What is an incomplete fracture?

A

A partial crack in the bone that doesn’t completely separate the bone

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24
Q

Label these types of fracture

A
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25
What type of injury is a dislocation?
Acute, hard tissue
26
What are the symptoms of a dislocation?
Severe pain Loss of movement Deformity Swelling ‘Pop’ feeling
27
Definition of dislocation
The displacement of one bone from another out of their original position
28
Where do dislocations typically occur?
Shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, elbow, fingers and toes
29
Defintion of subluxation
An incomplete or partial dislocation. Can result in stretching of the ligaments around the joint, leading to reduced joint stability and likelihood of reoccurring dislocation
30
Name these types of subluxation
31
What are the symptoms of contusion and haematoma?
Swelling, discolouration, tender when touched
32
Definition of a contusion
An area of the skin or tissue in which the blood vessels have ruptured
33
Definition of a haematoma
Localised congealed bleeding from the ruptured blood vessels
34
Definition of a sprain
An overstretch or tear in the ligament that connects bone to bone to support a joint
35
What are the causes of a sprain?
Sudden twist, impact or fall that forces the joint past its extreme range of motion
36
Who are sprains common in?
Ankle and knees of games players, skiers and the thumbs and wrists of athletes who brace a fall
37
What are the three different types of sprain?
First degree, second degree, third degree
38
What is a first degree sprain?
An overstretch of a few ligaments
39
What is a second degree sprain?
A partial tear
40
What is a third degree sprain?
A total rupture or detachment of a ligament
41
What are the symptoms of a sprain?
Pain, swelling, bruising, inability to bear weight, possible dislocation
42
Definition of a strain
An overstretch or tear in the muscle fibres or tendon that connects muscle to bone
43
What are the symptoms of a strain?
Pain on movement, swelling, bruising, discolouration
44
What are the causes of a strain?
Overstretching a particular area or contracting muscle fibre too quickly
45
Who are strains most common in?
Explosive activities like sprinting out of the blocks in 100m, contact activities such as tackling in football
46
What are the three different types of strain?
Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3
47
What is a grade one strain?
Minor damage to the fibres
48
What is a grade two strain?
More extensive damage but not completely ruptured
49
What is a grade three strain?
Complete rupture
50
What type of injury is a strain?
Soft tissue
51
What type of injury is a sprain?
Soft tissue
52
What type of injury is a contusion and haematoma?
Acute, soft tissue
53
What type of injury is an abrasion?
Acute, soft tissue
54
What is an abrasion?
Superficial damage to the skin caused by a scarping action against a surface
55
Definition of a blister
Separation of skin where a pocket of fluid forms due to friction
56
What are chronic injuries?
Occur over a period of time and are often referred to as overuse injuries
57
How are chronic injuries caused by?
Continuous or repeated stress placed on a specific part of the body
58
What are common examples of chronic injuries?
Stress fractures along the tibia Basketball players, oestoarthritis knees of skiers, achilles tendinopathy in runners heels, tennis elbow after repetitive motion
59
What are the signs and symptoms of chronic injuries?
Pain when participating, swelling after each activity, small nagging aches in a specific area when resting, develop overtime and cause problems to daily life
60
What type of injury is a stress fracture?
Chronic hard tissue
61
Definition of a stress fracture
A tiny crack in the surface of a bone, usually caused by overuse where fatigued muscles transfer their stress overload to the bone tissue
62
What types of athletes are stress fractures common?
Distance running, tennis, gymnastics and basketball
63
What is MTSS?
Shin splints
64
What does MTSS stand for?
Medial tibial stress syndrome
65
What type of injury is shin splints?
Chronic soft tissue
66
Definition of shin splints
Chronic shin pain often injured through excess loading stress, resulting in tenderness and inflammation. Tendons connecting the muscle to the shin bone pulls on the periosteum surrounding the bone and it becomes inflamed
67
What are the causes of shin splints?
Excessive loading stress, doing too much too soon, abruptly changing transiting routines, being overweight, inadequate footwear, poor leg biomechanics
68
What athletes is MTSS common in?
Dancers, distance runner, gymnasts, army recruits
69
What type of injury is tendinosis?
Chronic soft tissue
70
Definition of tendinosis
The deterioration of a tendon in response to chronic overuse and repetitive strain
71
What are the symptoms of tendinosis?
Burning, aching, tenderness, stiffness
72
What is osteoarthritis?
The break down/loss of articular cartilage, causing swelling of a joint as a result of overuse
73
Who is osteoarthritis common in?
Knee joint of career footballers
74
What is achillies tendinosis?
Pain, tenderness and deterioration in the tendon behind the ankle due to overuse and repetitive strain
75
Who is achillies tendinosis common in?
Distance runners
76
What is tennis elbow also known as?
Lateral epicondytis
77
What is tennis/golfers elbow?
Deterioration/inflammation of a tendon caused by repetitive stress as a result of repetitive twisting actions, leads to microscopic tears, pain, tightness that limits movement. Can be associated with poor recovery strategies
78
What are the symptoms of tennis/golfers elbow?
Microscopic tears, pain, tightness that limits movement
79
What type of injury is bursitis?
Chronic soft tissue
80
What is bursitis?
Overuse injury affecting the bursa (fluid sacs) that cushion bones from rubbing of tendons and ligaments. Occurs as a result of repetitive actions that aren’t allowed adequate time to rest and recuperate
81
What are the signs and symptoms of concussion?
Signs: -possible post traumatic seizure -loss of consciousness -balance problems -disorientation/confusion Symptoms: -lying motionless/slow to get up -headache, dizziness -visual problems/light sensitivity -nausea, vomiting
82
Definition of concussion
A traumatic brain injury resulting in a disturbance of brain function
83
What are the causes of dislocations?
Direct force (collision or object) or an indirect force (falling) pushing the joint past its extreme range of motion
84
What type of injury is an abrasion?
Acute, soft tissue
85
What are the causes of abrasion?
Falling or slipping (scraping against a playing surface) or chaffing (clothing rubbing on body)
86
What are the symptoms of abrasion?
Open wound or laceration Possible bleeding
87
What type of injury is a sprain?
Acute, soft tissue
88
What type of injury is a strain?
Acute, soft tissue
89
What are the causes of contusion and haematoma?
A fall or direct impact from a player or object
90
What are the symptoms of contusion and haematoma?
Swelling Discolouration Tender when touched
91
What type of injury is a blister?
Acute, soft tissue
92
What are the causes of a blister?
Friction against clothing/footwear or equipment
93
What are the symptoms of a blister?
Bubble with clear or bloody liquid
94
What are the causes of a stress fracture?
Overtraining, intensity overlaod, unfamiliar surfaces, inappropriate equipment/footwear
95
What are the symptoms of a stress fracture?
Specific sports of pain during physical activity
96
What are the symptoms of shin splints?
Tenderness, inflammation (especially in the morning), pain in specific areas of shin bone
97
What are the causes of tendinosis?
Repetitive strain without rest, leading to deterioration of tendons cartilage
98
What are the causes of concussion?
A direct blow to the head which causes rapid movement of the head. Causes brain to hit inner surface of the skull snd rebound off the other side, distrusting electrical processes and can cause swelling
99
What are actuate injuries caused by?
Impact, knock, fall, collision, trauma
100
What are chronic injuries caused by?
Overuse, incorrect technique, repetitive strain, sudden increase in training, reduced recovery, poor ROM, lack of warm-up

Sport - Injury Prevention and the Rehabilitation of Injury (5 decks)

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