Acute and Chronic Inflammation Part 1 Flashcards
What is inflammation?
Inflammation is a protective repose to tissue insult or injury tied at eliminating the cause of injury, remove damaged cells and initiate repairs
State the 5 cardinal signs of inflammation
- Calor (heat/ warmth)
- Rubor (redness/ erythema)
- Tumor (swelling)
- Dolar (Pain)
5/ Functio laesa (Loss of function )
Who are the major players in an inflammatory response?
- Circulating plasma proteins and cells of the immune system
- Vasculature and it’s endothelium
- Liver production of proton soft complement, clotting and cute phase
Name some of the CELLS involved n the inflammatory repose
- Mast cells
- Macrophages
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
5 Polymorphonuclear leukocyte - Plasma proteins
7 Extra cellular matrix proteins - Fibroblasts
What role do mast cells have in the inflammatory response?
They are source of mediators
What role do monocytes have in the inflammatory response?
They form macrophages
What role do macrophages have in the inflammatory response?
- They eliminate microbes, dead tissue
2. They are a source of mediators
What role do fibroblasts have in the inflammatory response?
They are a source of mediators
What role do plasma proteins have in the inflammatory response?
- Compliment: mediators of inflammation, elimination of microbes
- Clotting factors and kininogens: mediators of inflammation
What role do Polymorphonuclear leukocyte have in the inflammatory response?
They eliminate microbes and dead tissues
When is an inflammatory reaction triggered?
Inflammation is induced by chemical mediators that are produced by host cells in response to injurious stimuli such as an infectious agent or foreign bodies
Name the 5 steps of the inflammatory response
- RECOGNITION of the injurious stimulus
- RECRUITMENT of leukocytes
- REMOVAL of the agent causing the injury
- REGULATION of the response
- RESOLUTION of the response
What are the negatives of inflammation?
Cells involved in the inflammatory response can cause damage to healthy tissues
What will happen if an inflammation causing stimulus isn’t removed?
Injury wil persist which will result in a state of chronic inflammation
What can inflammation cause?
- Very strong inflammatory reaction
- Prolonged reaction
- Response is inappropriate
Describe the onset and duration of acute inflammation
It has a fast onset that generally lasts for a few mins- days
Describe the onset and duration of chronic inflammation
It has a slower onset and lasts for months-years
Which cells are involved in treating acute inflammation?
PMSs and macrophages
Which cells are involved in treating chronic inflammation?
Macrophages and lymphocytes
what effect does acute inflammation have on the body?
Results in rapid delivery of leukocytes and plasma proteins to injury sites
What do leukocytes do?
They clear infection and dead cells
Name the 2 major group of activities that occur to relieve acute inflammation
- Vascular changes
2. Cellular events
What vascular changes occur in repose to acute inflammation?
- Vasodilation
- Vascular permeability
- Endothelial cell activation
What cellular events occur in repose to acute inflammation?
- Leukocyte recruitment (mainly PMNs)
2. Activation of leukocytes infiltrating tissue.