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Alcohol - CLASP > Acute Alcohol Intoxication > Flashcards

Acute Alcohol Intoxication Flashcards

1
Q

What is an alcohol?

A

An organic liquid with a hydroxyl group

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2
Q

What is the structure of methanol?

A

A single carbon wiht a hydroxyl group

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3
Q

What is methanol metabolised to?

A

Formaldehyde and then formic acid

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4
Q

What are some consequences of digesting methanol?

A

Toxic acidosis causing blindness and renal failure

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5
Q

How is methanol poisoning treated?

A

Alcohol +/- dialysis

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6
Q

How does ethanol help in methanol poisoning?

A

It is a competitve inhibitor of methanol preventing the formation of formic acid

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7
Q

Where is alcohol absorbed?

A

Manily in the small bowel

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8
Q

What happens to alcohol in the stomach?

A

It is initially metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase in the stomach. If there is a stomach full of food, gastric emptying is slowed and therefore alcohol is metabolised for longer

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9
Q

Which drugs can increase gastric emptying?

A

Antihistamines and metaclopramide

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10
Q

What is the pathway for alcohol metabolism?

A

Alcohol is metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is metaboliased to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase

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11
Q

What is the rate of alcohol removal in the body?

A

Removed from the blood at 15mg/100ml/hour

Roughly one unit an hour

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of antabuse (disulfiram)?

A

It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What effect does alcohol have on gluconeogenesis?

A

It inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis causing hypoglycaemia

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14
Q

What is alcoholic ketoacidosis?

A

Excess NADH and impaired fatty acid metabolism leading to excess ketogenesis. Results in high ketones with a normal or low glucose level

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15
Q

What effect does alcohol have on the CNS?

A

It increases the levels of GABBA which is an inhibitor of neurotransmitters

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16
Q

What does alcohol do to the cortex?

A

Disinhibition
Talkativeness
Anxiolytic

17
Q

What does alcohol do to the limbic system?

A

Memory loss
Confusion
Disorientation

18
Q

What does alcohol do to the cerebellum?

A

Loss of muscular coordination and slurred speech

19
Q

What does alcohol do to the reticular formation (upper brain stem)?

A

Loss of consciousness

20
Q

What does alcohol do to the lower brain stem?

A

Control of breathing and BP

21
Q

What effect does alcohol have on ADH levels?

A

Inhibits ADH causing water reabsorption and clearer urine (ADH promotes water absorption in the distal tubule)

22
Q

What is holiday heart syndrome?

A

Heavy binge drinking can cause SVT with spontaneous resolution

Alcohol - CLASP (7 decks)

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