Acute Abdomen

Question 1

Name 6 risk factors for an ectopic pregnancy

Answer 1

1. Previous ectopic pregnancy
2. Previous/current STI, PID
3. IVF
4. Adhesions from endometriosis
5. IUD failure (Intrauterine device)
6. POP failure

Question 2

Why might a history of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease increase the chance of an ectopic pregnancy?

Answer 2

Due to possible total tubal occlusion, of the fallopian tube, occurring and or delay of the embryo transportation to the uterus thus the embryo is more likely to implant into the fallopian tube

Question 3

Describe the pain felt in acute cholecystitis

Answer 3

Sharp or dull pain that lasts for hours and is felt in the upper abdomen, mainly around the right side. Pain can traverse to right shoulder.

Question 4

Acute Paediatrics Gastroenteritis:
(Typically lasts about 1 week but not longer than 2 weeks)
What are 3 symptoms?

What are 4 signs?
(3 of these signs are related to dehydration)

Answer 4

Symptoms:

• Diarrhoea (3 or more loose stools in the past 24 hours), with or without Vomiting
• Fever

Signs:

• Sunken eyes
• Dry mucosa
• Reduced skin turgor
• Tachycardia

Question 5

70% of the causative agents of Gastroenteritis are viruses.

Name 3 common viruses that cause Gastroenteritis.

Answer 5

Norovirus
Rotavirus
Adenovirus

Question 6

20% of the causative agents of Gastroenteritis are bacteria.

Name 3 common bacteria that cause Gastroenteritis.

Answer 6

Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli
Shigella

Question 7

Acute Paediatrics Gastroenteritis:

Name 4 possible red flags that could possibly lead you to believe that Gastroenteritis may not be the (complete) diagnosis and something more severe is happening

Answer 7

1. Persistent diarrhoea (>10 days)
2. Severe abdominal pain
3. Vomiting without diarrhoea
4. Blood in the stool

Question 8

How may a perforated peptic ulcer present (4)?

How will it be treated (3)

Answer 8

Extreme epigastric pain, sweating, tachycardia, hypotension (shock)

Treatment:
ABCDE
i.v. PPI + Endoscopic intervention