Acute Abdomen Flashcards
Metoclopramide indications
Nausea and vomiting
Metoclopramide cautions/contraindications
Contraindicated in phaeochromocytoma and bowel obstruction.
Avoid if possible in Parkinson’s disease and depression.
Adverse effects associated with metoclopramide use
Akathisia (psychomotor restlessness), drowsiness, dizziness, headache.
Dopamine antagonists are also associated with Parkinsonism symptoms.
Metoclopramide drug class
Dopamine antagonist
Morphine drug class
Opioid analgesics
Morphine mechanism of action
Acts on mu-opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing transmission of pain impulses and modulating the descending inhibitory pathways from the brain.
Morphine indications
Severe pain, adjunct during GA, refractory chronic dyspnoea, adjunct for acute pulmonary oedema
Morphine precautions/contraindications
Renal/hepatic impairment may affect clearance and increase respiratory depression/delirium.
Avoid use with raised ICP, hypotension, phaeochromocytoma.
Morphine adverse effects
Nausea/vomiting, dyspepsia, drowsiness, dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, respiratory depression
Gentamicin medication class
Aminoglycoside
Gentamicin mechanism of action
Inhibits protein synthesis by irreversibly binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit and causing cell membrane damage.
Gentamicin indications
Empirical treatment for suspected Gram negative infections.
Serious systemic enterococcal infections.
Surgical prophylaxis.
Gentamicin contraindications
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity.
Extrinsic causes of bowel obstruction
Adhesions, volvulus, incarcerated hernia, intra-abdominal masses.
Intrinsic causes of bowel obstruction
Strictures, intestinal tumours, diverticulitis, intussusception, ileus, foreign body, bezoars, faecal impaction.
