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acupuncture theory > Acupuncture theory > Flashcards

Acupuncture theory Flashcards

1
Q

Acupuncture dates back…

A

4000years

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2
Q

Acupuncture systemised

A

2nd century BC or 2000 years ago

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3
Q

Jīng (经) runs….. and includes:

A

Channel vertical or north/south pathways 12 regular pathways 8 extra meridians

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4
Q

Luò (络) runs …. and includes…..

A

Collaterals the horizontal or east/west pathways 15 Luo-connecting 12 Divergent. Runs superficially

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5
Q

meridian system component

A

Meridians: 12 regular, 8 extra

Collaterals: 15 Luo-connecting, 12 Divergents

12 muscle region

12 cutaneous regions

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6
Q

Levels of meridians

A
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7
Q

General Functions of meridians

A
  1. Carry Qi, blood, body fluids; nourish organs & tissues
  2. Communication between different areas of body and Zang Fu
  3. Transmit disease
  4. Transmit acupuncture and moxibustion stimulation
  5. Regulate functional balance
  6. Responds to dysfunction / disease of the body
  7. Serve as a guide to diagnosis and treatment eg: Headache.
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8
Q
A
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9
Q

tài yáng

A

greater yang

supreme yang

received the most sun

Posterior lateral

Big Yang

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10
Q

shǎo yáng

A

lesser yang

middle yang

medial and dorsal

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11
Q

yáng míng

A

Sunlight Yang

Yang Brightness

Small yang

anterolateral

inner part and back of the body,

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12
Q

tài yīn

A

greater yin

supreme yin

Most shaded

anteromedial surface

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13
Q

shǎo yīn

A

lesser yin

Lesser shade

middle yin

anteromedial surface

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14
Q

jué yīn

A

terminal yin

absolute yin/reverting yin

Middle yin

Medial plane

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15
Q

relationship between regular meridians

A
  • Tai Yin – Yang Ming
  • Jue Yin – Shao Yang
  • Shao Yin – Tai Yang
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16
Q

Tai Yang organs

A

Hand - Small Intestine

Foot - Urinary Bladder

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17
Q

Shao Yang organs

A

Hand -San Jiao

Foot- Gall Bladder

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18
Q

Yang Ming

A

Hand - Large Intestine

Foot - Stomach

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19
Q

Tai Yin

A

Hand -Lung

Foot - Spleen

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20
Q

Shao Yin

A

Hand -Heart

Foot - Kidney

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21
Q

Jue Yin

A

Hand - Pericardium

Foot - Liver

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22
Q

Describe the flow of energy through meridians

A
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23
Q

Which Extra Meridians pertain or communicate with zang/fu

A

None

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24
Q

Which extra meridians have own points

A

Du and Ren

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25
Q

Functions of extra meridians

A

Control, join, regulate Qi & blood

– Further strengthens the connection of the 12 regular meridians – as a reservoir excess Qi & blood – protects the body (particularly yuan qi)

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26
Q

Define confluent points

A

Points that connect 8 extra meridians and 12 main channels

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27
Q

Dumai meridian

A

Yang Meridians

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28
Q

Renmai

A

Yin meridians

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29
Q

Chongmai

A

Vital pass, all meridians

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30
Q

Daimai Meridian

A

Connect all meridians

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31
Q

Yangqiaomai

A

Functional, eyes, insomnia

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32
Q

Yinqiaomai

A

Functional, eyes, somnolence

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33
Q

Yangweimai:

A

Harmonise yang meridians and body

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34
Q

• Yinweimai

A

Harmonise Yin meridians and body

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35
Q

Name the five zang organs

A

Yin organs

  1. the heart (including the pericardium),
  2. lung,
  3. spleen,
  4. liver,
  5. kidney.
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36
Q

Name the fǔ (腑)

A

yang organs – Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Gall Bladder, Urinary Bladder, Stomach and Sānjiaō.

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37
Q

Divergents of Yin meridian connect with….

A

interiorly-exteriorly related yang meridian

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38
Q

Functions of Divergent Meridians

A
  1. Strengthen internal / external relationship
  2. Distribute Qi & blood to head & face \
  3. Integrate areas of the body
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39
Q

Divergent Meridians branch out from….

A

main meridians

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40
Q

T or F

Divergent Meridians run deeper than collaterrals

A

True

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41
Q

Do Divergent Meridians have their own points

A

No

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42
Q

Divergents of to Yang meridians enter the….

A

Zangfu organs to which the yang meridian pertains

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43
Q

•Divergent Yang meridians emerge…..

A

emerge at the neck joining their related primary channel

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44
Q

Divergent Yin Meridians emerge

A

emerge to Yang

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45
Q

Divergent meridians for …. unions (confluence)

A

6

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46
Q

Divergent meridians surface at

A

supraclavicular fossa/neck/face

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47
Q

Collateral points

A

• Branch out from 12 main meridians, Du Ren & great luo of the SP

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48
Q

describe location of secondary channels

A
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49
Q

2 sources of qi

What are the 2 fires in the body

Function of storing blood

A

LU → LI

SP St

HT → Si

KI UB

PC → SJ

LI GB

Arrows snake

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50
Q

Collaterals strengthen

A

nternal / external relationship

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51
Q

How many collaterals

A

15

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52
Q

Collaterals have …. points

A

Luo

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53
Q

Number of cutaneous regions

A

12

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54
Q

Functions of muscle tendino, sinew

A

Qi of regular meridians gathers at muscle, tendons and joints

Nourish muscles Connects all bones/joints/tendons/ligaments –

Maintain normal function –

Do not connect with zang fu directly

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55
Q

Fx of cutaneous regions

A
  • reflect functional activities of 12 meridians

S+S internal disease

outer layer-protect and transmission of diseases

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56
Q

Functions of collaterals

A

Transfer Qi and blood from meridian to body

Protect from pathogenic factors

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57
Q

What part of meridian system explain sensation and pathological changes to treatment

A

Collaterals

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58
Q

Origin of Hand-Taiyin – LU

A

Middle Jiao

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59
Q

Termination of Hand-Taiyin – LU

A

Radial side of the tip of the thumb (Lu 11)

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60
Q

Origin of Hand-Yangming – LI

A

Radial side of middle finger

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61
Q

Terminationof Hand-Yangming – LI

A

Ala nasi of the nose (LI20)

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62
Q

Origin of Foot-Yangming – ST

A

Ala nasi of the nose

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63
Q

Termination of Foot-Yangming – ST

A

Lateral side of the tip of the 2nd toe (ST45)

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64
Q

Origin of Foot-Taiyin – SP

A

Great toe (SP1)

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65
Q

Termination of Foot-Taiyin – SP

A

Tongue

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66
Q

Origin of Hand-Shaoyin – HT

A

Heart

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67
Q

Termination of Hand-Shaoyin – HT

A

Radial little finger (Ht9)

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68
Q

Origin of Hand-Taiyang – SI

A

Ulnar side of the little finger (SI1)

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69
Q

Termination of Hand-Taiyang – SI

A

Inner canthus Bl1

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70
Q

Origin of Foot-Taiyang – UB

A

Inner canthus (BL1)

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71
Q

Termination of Foot-Taiyang – UB

A

Lateral side of the small toe (BL67)

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72
Q

Origin of Foot-Shaoyin – KI

A

Inferior aspect of the small toe

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73
Q

Termination of Foot-Shaoyin – KI

A

Root of the tongue

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74
Q

Origin of Hand-Jueyin – PC

A

Chest

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75
Q

Terminationn of Hand-Jueyin – PC

A

Tip of the middle finger PC9)

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76
Q

Origin of Hand-Shaoyang – SJ

A

Ulnar side of the ring finger (SJ1)

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77
Q

Termination of Hand-Shaoyang – SJ

A

Outer canthus (SJ23)

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78
Q

Origin of Foot-Shaoyang – GB

A

Outer canthus (GB1)

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79
Q

Termination of Foot-Shaoyang – GB

A

Lateral side of the fourth toe

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80
Q

Origin of Foot-Jueyin – LR

A

Great toe (Liv1)

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81
Q

Termination of Foot Jueyin - LR

84
Q

Jing well points

Locations

A

Where the Qi of the Channel emerges and begins moving towards the trunk of the body

Located on the tips of the fingers and toes

85
Q

Jing well (metal) points actions

A

Restores consciousness

Eliminate pathogenic factors

Treats fullness below the Heart incl: CCP and mental disorders

86
Q

Jing well points

87
Q

Ying-spring Points Location

A

Ying-Spring points are located in the metacarpal/metatarsal area. Ying-Spring points are located in the metacarpal/metatarsal area.

88
Q

Ying spring points function

A

Pathogenic Factors and clear heat, especially in febrile diseases.

89
Q

Anterior cun measurements

90
Q

Posterior cun measurement

91
Q

Lateral cun measurements

92
Q

Define regular points

A

Points located on the 12 regular meridinas and the Du and Ren meridian (14 meridians)

93
Q

Window of Heaven Points

A
  • Points usually located on the neck and are used to treat psychological disorders as they are said to “open a window of opportunity” to free the psyche, thereby altering the pattern of thought. They can also be used to redirect chaotic and rebellious Qi.
94
Q

Ashi Points -

A

Tender points without specific names and location. Locating Ashi Points is the primary method of point selection in ear acupuncture and moxibusion treatments and is mostly used for pain syndrome.

95
Q

Jing well points

96
Q

Ying spring points

97
Q

Shu stream point locations

A

located near the wrist or ankle They are the third point from the end of the fingers and toes (with exception of Gallbladder meridian, whose Shu-Stream point is the 4th point from the extremities).

98
Q

Shu stream functions

A

used to treat “heavy body sensation and joint pain” caused by obstructions or chronic disorder due to dampness.

99
Q

Shu stream points

100
Q

Jing river point locations

A

Jing-River points are located on the forearm or lower leg

101
Q

Jing river fx

A

used to treat alternating cold and heat conditions as well as wheezing/asthma and throat conditions.

102
Q

Jing river points

103
Q

He-Sea points location

A

located on the elbow or knee

104
Q

He-sea point Fx

A

Used to treat rebellious Qi and conditions related to the digestive system.

105
Q

He-sea points

106
Q

Lower He-Sea points

A

Fu organs only

These points are commonly used to treat Fu organ diseases of the specific organ. Same as He-Sea points of the Foot Yang meridians

107
Q

What points are lower He-Sea points

108
Q

Name and Number of points in lung meridian

A

Tai yin of hand

11

109
Q

Name and Number of points in large intestines meridian

A

Yang Ming of hand

20

110
Q

Name and Number of points in stomach meridian

A

Yang ming of foot

45

111
Q

Name and Number of points in spleen meridian

A

Tai Yin of foot

21

112
Q

Name and Number of points in heart meridian

A

Shao yin of hand

9

113
Q

Name and Number of points in Small Intestine meridian

A

Tai yang of hand

19

114
Q

Name and Number of points in bladder meridian

A

tai yang of foot

67

115
Q

Name and Number of points in kidney meridian

A

Shao yin of foot

27

116
Q

Name and Number of points in pericardium meridian

A

Jue Yin of hand

9

117
Q

Name and Number of points in triple energiser meridian

A

Shao yang of hand

23

118
Q

Name and Number of points in GB meridian

A

Foot shao ming

44

119
Q

Name and Number of points in liver meridian

A

Jue Yin of foot

14

120
Q

yuan point location

A

yin points - 3rd point from extremity = shu-stream

yang points - 4th point from extremity except GB which is 5th from extremity

121
Q

yuan point Fx

A

They retain Yuan Qi (Primary Qi) and are commonly used to treat conditions of the relative Zang organs. Yuan points are used to balance Yin and Yang, disperse excess and tonify deficiencies and stabilise emotions.

122
Q

Functions of luo points

A
  • strengthens the interior-exterior relationship c
  • used to treat disorders involving the two interiorly-exteriorly related meridians and those in the area supplied by the two meridians
123
Q

Functions of Xi cleft points

A

The Xi-Cleft points are where Qi and Blood of the meridians deeply converge. These points are used to treat acute disorders of the pertaining meridian and Zang-fu organs. Xi-Cleft points are often used to treat pain conditions and blood (yin) disorders as well.

124
Q

Xi cleft points

A

She acutely fell of the cliff and her spine twisted into figure 8 and her large san jioa turned into 7. The small demon heart lives at the top off the cliff and lunged her over. Pair of 4s save with trampoline.A bloody goo 63 came out of drain reflected as 36. kids see what happen and hi five pair of 4s. St 34 stand on dirty oar.

125
Q

Xi cleft points

126
Q

Confluent points fx

A

The 8 extraordinary meridians work in pairs and each Confluent (Master) point is the Coupled point of its partner.

127
Q

T/F

The Confluent/Master points are located on the regular meridians

128
Q

Front Mu points-

A

Correspond with zang fu organs

They are points where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs is infused and converges on the chest or abdomen. Front-Mu points are usually located near their corresponding organ. They reflect diseases of the organs and therefore can be used for diagnosis. These points are usually used to treat acute excess conditions.

129
Q

Front-Mu points

A

corresponding to one of the Zang-Fu organs. They are points where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs is infused and converges on the chest or abdomen. Front-Mu points are usually located near their corresponding organ. They reflect diseases of the organs and therefore can be used for diagnosis. These points are usually used to treat acute excess conditions.

130
Q

Back-shu points

A

12 - corresponding to each Zang-Fu organ

located near the corresponding organ and is where the Qi of the Zang-Fu organs are infused, but on the back (the Qi of the Zang-Fu flows to the back and lumbar). The points also reflect diseases and can be used to diagnosis and treatment. Back-Shu points are usually used to treat chronic deficiency disorders and organ disorders, including emotional and mental conditions.

131
Q

List Back-shu points

132
Q

8 influential points

A

treat disorders of the listed parts or organs of the body.

133
Q

Mother and Son point functions

A

mother points tonifying

Son points reducing.

134
Q

The …. …. are the hub points of the Qi from the 12 meridians.

A

muscle regions

135
Q

The …. …. provide being outermost layer provides RESISTANCE

A

cutaneous region

136
Q

The … …is where Qi intersects tendons, muscles and

A

Muscle region

137
Q

the … …. provides a warning system by providing S+S of internal disease

A

cutaneous system

138
Q

the … … is involved in MOTOR system by controlling joint movement

A

muscle regions

139
Q

lung meridian mother point

A

Lu 9 (Great abyss)- earth point

140
Q

lung meridian son point

A

(Water point on the Lung )

Lung 5 - Foot Marsh (Indentation in the Stream)

141
Q

Large Intestine Meridian of Hand –Yang Ming mother point

142
Q

Son point Large Intestine Meridian of Hand –Yang Ming

143
Q

mother point Stomach Meridian of Foot –Yang Ming

A

ST 41 (fire)

144
Q

Son point Stomach Meridian of Foot –Yang Ming

A

St 45 (metal)

145
Q

Mother point Spleen Meridian of Foot -Tai Yin

A

(fire) SP 2

146
Q

Son point Spleen Meridian of Foot -Tai Yin

A

SP 5 (Metal)

147
Q

Mother point Heart Meridian of Hand -Shao Yin

A

Ht 9 (wood)

148
Q

Son point Heart Meridian of Hand -Shao Yin

A

Ht 7 (Earth)

149
Q

Mother point Small Intestine Meridian of Hand -Tai Yang

A

SI 3 (Wood)

150
Q

Son point Small Intestine Meridian of Hand -Tai Yang

A

(Earth) Small Intestine 8 - Small Sea

151
Q

Mother point Bladder Meridian of Foot -Tai Yang

A

(Metal) Bladder 67 - Extremity of Yin

152
Q

Bladder Meridian of Foot -Tai Yang

A

(Wood) Bladder 65 - Bone Binder (Restrained Bone

153
Q

Ki Mother/Tonification Point

A

(Metal) Kidney 7 - Returning Current

154
Q

Ki son point

A

Kidney 1 - Bubbling Spring (Gushing Spring)

155
Q

Pericardium mother point

A

(Wood) Pericardium 9 - Rushing into the Middle (Middle Rushing)

156
Q

Child/Sedation Point Pericardium

A

(Earth) Pericardium 7 - Great Mound

157
Q

Mother/Tonification Point Triple Energiser

A

(Wood) Triple Energiser 3 - Middle Islet

158
Q

Triple Heater son point

A

Child/Sedation Point (Earth) Triple Heater 10 - Heavenly Well

159
Q

Mother/Tonification Point Gallbladder

A

(Water)Gallbladder 43 - Valiant Stream (Brave Stream)

160
Q

Child/Sedation Point Gallbladder

A

(Fire) Gallbladder 38 - Yang Support (Yang’s Assistant)

161
Q

Mother/Tonification Point Liver

A

Mother/Tonification Point (Water) Liver 8 - Curved Spring

162
Q

Child/Sedation Point Liver 2

A

Child/Sedation Point (Fire)Liver 2 - Walk Between (Travel Between)

163
Q

Anatomical position

164
Q

Lung muscle region

A

x starts at the thumb and spreads to the thenar eminence and lateral side of the radial pulse. It continues up the forearm to the elbow, upper arm, axilla and ST 12 (Quepen). The muscle region spreads down to the chest and diaphragm, merges with the muscle region of the Pericardium meridian of Hand Jue Yin before going to the hypochondriac region.

165
Q

Which Zang Fu organ has the internal and external relationship with Spleen?

166
Q

The normal movement of Spleen Qi is

167
Q

What does Spleen send upward and to which Zang Fu organ?

A

Send Clear Qi to the Lung and Heart

168
Q

A prolapsed stomach is due to

A

Spleen Qi does not ascend

169
Q

The TT function of the Spleen refers to

A

Digestion of food and water

170
Q

Impaired blood controlling function of the Spleen is manifested as

A

Easily bruised skin

Excessive uterine bleeding

171
Q

Deficiency in Spleen is likely to show which of the following groups of signs and symptoms?

  1. Weak muscles and limbs, over worrying and stress fractures
  2. Feeling fearful, pale lips and stress fractures
  3. Feeling fearful, dull eyes and pale lips
  4. Weak muscles and limbs, over worrying, and pale lips
172
Q

The RR function of the Stomach relies on

  1. Water
  2. Dryness
  3. Coldness
  4. Heat
173
Q

A person feeling nausea after eating this is due to the Stomach Qi

A

cannot descend

174
Q

Explain spleen’s role in diarrhoea

A

Spleen could not transform and transport food and water, and not able to ascend Gu Qi or nutrient Qi therefore causes diarrhoea

175
Q

Explain spleen role in abdominal distention and pain

A

Spleen could not transform and transport food and water, therefore causes stagnation in the abdomen, leading to pain.

176
Q

Explain spleen’s role in poor appetite

A

Spleen cannot TT cause stagnation in the abdomen. This impacts on Stomach’s descending function, leading to poor appetite.

177
Q

Asthma is due to dysfunction of the Lung in

A

Descending qi

178
Q

Which is the external manifestation of the Lung?

A

Skin and hair

179
Q

The normal movement of Lung Qi is

A

Dispersing and Descending

180
Q

To which Zang organ that the Lung sends Qi to ensure the smooth breathing?

A

Lung descends and Kidney receives. The two work together to ensure Qi descends

181
Q

What is the relationship between the Lung and Large Intestine

A

Internal and External

182
Q

The DD function of the Lung explains

A

The Lung controls pattern of breathing, Qi in the body as well regulate waterways

183
Q

Large Intestine receives what from the Lung to maintain its normal function?

184
Q

The emotion related to the Lung is

185
Q

Which body fluid is related to the Lung?

  1. Snivel
  2. Saliva
  3. Phlegm
  4. Urine
  5. Sweat
186
Q

Explain Lung’s role in chills

A

Lung not dispersing Wei Qi

187
Q

Explain Lung’s role in cough

A

D/D disrupted

188
Q

Explain Lung’s role in Phlegm

A

D/D in water passage results in accumulation of phlegm

189
Q

Functions of Spleen

A
  • Controls the Up-bearing of Clear Qi
  • Governs transformation and transportation
  • Controls the Blood
  • Controls: Muscle and limbs (strong and energetic )
190
Q

Spleen opens to

191
Q

Outward appearance of Spleen:

A

the lips (red, moist and lustrous)

192
Q

Spleen Emotions:

A

Worry; Mental: thinking, concentrating, focusing and memorizing

193
Q

Wha meridian is the foundation of Postnatal Qi

194
Q

Spleen governs ..

A

TT of food nutrients

TT of water

195
Q

Spleen likes…

196
Q

Describe TT of food

A

The food and drink is taken into the stomach.

The spleen provides the energy to digest and absorb nutrient qi.

The remaining “sludge” that is in the Stomach is passed to the small intestine where the Spleen further acts to transform and absorb nutrients. The clear nutrient qi is taken up by the Spleen and transported to the Heart and Lung to be distributed to and nourish the rest of the body.

197
Q

Describe TT of water

A

During the digestion process the absorbed, clear fluid is taken by the Spleen and transformed into body fluids and transported to the Lung to be disseminated to the body to nourish it. The Spleen takes up further turbid fluid remaining and transforms them further before transporting them to the Lung and Kidney to continue the process of elimination which will eventually leave the body as sweat or urine.

198
Q

Stomach qi direction

A

Downwards

Controls the Descending of Qi à LI and SI

199
Q

Stomach likes

A

heat and moisture

acupuncture theory (3 decks)

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