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Internal Medicine (Acupuncture) > Acupuncture Internal Medicine Midterm Exam > Flashcards

Acupuncture Internal Medicine Midterm Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Cold/Flu: Wind Cold (Prevalence of Cold) Treatment Principles?
*Aversion to cold
*Shivering
*No/very low fever
*No sweating
*Occipital headache
*Stiff neck
*Body aches
*Slight cough
*Runny nose with white discharge
*Sneezing
*T no change in initial stage
*P floating - tight

A

Treatment Principle: A) release exterior, expel wind, scatter cold.
*LG7, LI4, BLD12 The ‘holy trinity’ to expel wind-cold.
*GB20, DU16 if headache / stiff neck are pronounced.
*LI20, DU23 expel wind, clear nose (sneeze, runny nose).
*Du20 expels wind & relieves headache.
Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) restore lung descend & disperse function
*BLD13 back shu of lung, restores direction & action of lung qi. Clears cough
*KD7 reinforced technique to cause sweating in order to eliminate wind.
Reinforcing technique!

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2
Q

Cold/Flu: Wind Cold With Prevalence of Wind Treatment Principle?
*Aversion to cold
*Shivering
*No / very low fever
*Slight sweating
*Occipital headache
*Stiff neck
*Body aches
*Slight cough
*Runny nose with thin, white discharge
*Sneezing
*T no change in initial stage
*P floating - Slow
(Nutritive qi deficient & unable to hold fluids = sweats)

A

Treatment Principle: A) release exterior, expel wind-cold
LG7, LI4, BLD12 The ‘holy trinity’ to expel wind cold.
GB20, DU16 if headache / stiff neck are pronounced.
LI20, DU23 expel wind, clear nose (sneeze, runny nose).
Du20 expels wind & relieves headache.
Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) harmonise Nutritive (Ying) and Defensive (Wei) Qi
STM36.
BLD18 back shu of liver. Features in some ancient texts as a way to nourish nutritive qi & blood.
Reinforcing technique!

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3
Q

Wind Heat With Aversion to Cold Cold/Flu Treatment Principle?
*Shivering
*Fever
*Slight sweating
*Headache
*Sore throat
*Body aches
*Cough
*Runny nose with yellow discharge
*Swollen tonsils
*Slight thirst
*Slightly dark urine
*T slightly red sides/front
*P floating - rapid

A

Treatment Principle: release exterior, expel wind heat.
LI4, LI11, SJ5 The ‘holy trinity’ to expel wind heat.
GB20, DU16 if headache is severe BLD12 releases exterior & expels wind BLD13 restores descend & disperse of lung to stop cough.
DU14 clears heat and used if fever is pronounced.
LG11 prick to bleed for sore throat & swollen tonsils.
Du20 expels wind & relieves headache.
Reducing technique!

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4
Q

Cold/Flu: Wind Damp Heat Treatment Principle?
*Aversion to cold
*Shivering
*Fever
*Slight sweating
*Heaviness in head & body
*Nausea
*Vomiting
*Headache
*Chest & epigastric oppression
*Sticky taste
*T sticky yellow coating
*P floating & slippery

A

Treatment Principle: release exterior, expel wind heat, resolve damp.
LI4, LI11, SJ5 are the ‘holy trinity’ to expel wind heat.
SP9 resolves damp.
REN13 resolves damp, harmonises middle jiao & subdues rebellious stm qi.
DU14 clears heat and used if fever is pronounced.
LG11 prick to bleed for sore throat & swollen tonsils.
Reducing technique!

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5
Q

Cold/Flu: Wind Dry Heat Treatment Principle?
*Aversion to cold
*Fever
*Slight sweating
*Dryness in nose, mouth & throat
*Dry Cough
*T slightly red front, dry body
*P floating
This pattern tends to occur in people living in very dry climate such as Arizona, or in someone who has been invaded by wind and subsequently enters a very dry environment as a result of central heating / air conditioning.

A

Treatment Principle: A) release exterior, expel wind.
LI4, LI11, if throat is really sore then LG11 (bleed) release the exterior and expels wind and heat.
Reducing technique!

Treatment Principle: B) restorer descending lung function, promote fluids.
REN12, SP6, KD6
Reinforcing technique!

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6
Q

Cold/Flu: Lung Heat Treatment Principle?
*High Fever
*Sweating
*Breathlessness
*Restlessness
*Feeling of heat
*Cough w/ yellow sputum
*Thirst
*T red C yellow
*P overflowing & rapid
When external wind moves into interior heat & enters Zang. eg: Acute bronchitis following cold / flu.

A

Treatment Principle: clear lung heat, prevent injury of yin.
LG1 clears lung heat.
LG5 resolves phlegm heat from lung (son pt).
LG10 clears lung heat.
DU14 clears heat.
SP6 nourishes yin & stops sweating (even / reinforce).
Reducing technique!

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7
Q

Cold/Flu: Lung Phlegm Heat Treatment Principle?
*High Fever
*Thirst
*Breathlessness
*Restlessness
*Vomiting after drinking
*Feeling of heat
*Cough w/ profuse yellow sticky sputum
*Chest pain & oppression
*T red C yellow & sticky
*P slippery & rapid

A

Treatment Principle: A) clear lung heat, resolve phlegm.
LG1 clears lung heat.
LG5 resolves phlegm heat from lung.
STM40 resolves phlegm.
REN22 resolves phlegm & stimulates lung descent.
P6 opens chest.
DU14 clears fever.
Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) nourish yin.
SP6 3 yin meeting point
Reinforcing technique!

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8
Q

Cold/Flu: Stomach Heat Treatment Principle?
*High Fever
*Intense thirst
*Coarse breathing
*Restlessness
*Feeling of heat
*Profuse sweating
*T red C yellow & dry
*P overflowing / large

A

Treatment Principle: clear stomach heat, prevent injury of yin.
LI 11 clears heat.
DU14 clears heat.
STM44 clears stomach heat.
Reducing technique!

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8
Q

Cold/Flu: Stomach & Intestines Dry Heat Treatment Principle?
*High Fever, worse in afternoon
*Abdominal pain worse with pressure
*Thirst
*Constipation
*Dry stools
*Burning feeling in anus
*Restlessness
*Feeling faint
*Delirium
*P overflowing / large
*T red
*C thick, dry & dark yellow, brown or black

A

As a stage following exterior invasion of wind, this is far more common in children than adults.
Treatment Principle: Drain stomach fire by purging, promote fluids.
LI 11 clears intestine & stomach heat.
STM 25, SP15 regulate the intestine, clear stomach heat, promote bowel movement.
STM44, STM45 clears stomach heat causing mental restlessness.
BLD25 drains stomach fire by promoting bowel movement.
SJ8, KD6 promote bowel movements by clearing heat.
Reducing technique!

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9
Q

Cough (Acute): Invasion of Wind Cold Treatment Principle?
*Slight breathlessness
*Sneezing
*Runny nose with white mucus
*Aversion to cold
*No temp
*Shivers
*No sweats
*Body aches
*Stiff neck
*Headache
*Pale urine
*T no change P floating & tight
Typical Pattern of Wind-Cold Invading Exterior *Prevalence of cold.
*Corresponds with the Greater Yang pattern of 6 stages (see common cold).

A
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10
Q

Cough (Acute): Invasion of Wind-Heat Treatment Principle?
*Dry tickly cough
*Sore throat
*Sneezing
*Runny nose with yellow mucus
*Aversion to cold
*Fever
*Shivers
*Slight sweats
*Body aches
*Headache
*Slight thirst
*Slightly dark urine
*T red sides/tip
*P floating & rapid

A

Treatment Principle: Release the exterior, restore descent & disperse of lung, expel wind, clear heat, stop cough.
LG7 releases exterior, descends lung, stops cough. LG11 expels wind heat and clears sore throat / inflamed tonsils.
BLD12 expels wind to release exterior - responds especially well to cupping.
BLD13 releases exterior, descends lung qi, stops cough. LI11 clears wind heat.
LI4 expels wind.
Reducing technique!

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11
Q

Cough (Acute): Invasion of Wind Dry Treatment Principle?
*Dry tickly cough
*Dry, itchy, sore throat
*Sore sensation in upper chest
*Dry lips
*Dry mouth
*Slight aversion to cold
*Shivers
*Headache
*Stuffy nose
*T red sides / front P floating

A

Treatment Principle: release the exterior, restore descent & disperse of lung, promote fluids, stop cough.
LG7 releases exterior, descends lung, stops cough.
LG9 nourishes lung fluids.
REN12 promotes fluids as the beginning of the internal pathway of the lung meridian.
KD6 promotes fluids, benefits & moistens the throat. SP6 promotes fluids.
Reinforcing technique (except Lg7)!

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12
Q

Cough (Acute): Lung Heat Treatment Protocol?
*Barking cough
*Chest pain
*Breathlessness
*Thirst
*Restlessness
*Sweating
*Nasal flaring
*Feeling of heat
*T red
*C yellow
*P rapid & overflowing

A

Treatment Principle: clear lung heat, restore lung qi descending, stop cough
LG5 expels lung heat, restores lung descent.
LG1 clears lung heat & treats acute conditions of lung.
LG6 (xi cleft) treats acute lung patterns & stops cough.
LI11 clears heat.
DU14 clears heat.
Reducing technique!

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13
Q

Cough (Acute): Lung Phlegm Heat Treatment Principle?
*Barking cough with profuse sticky yellow sputum.
*Fever
*Restlessness
*Thirst
*Feeling of heat
*Chest oppression
*T red
*C sticky yellow
*P rapid & slippery
Wind heat easily leads to phlegm as it dries up body fluids quickly, which leads to phlegm.

A

Treatment Principle: clear lung heat, resolve phlegm, restore lung qi descending, stop cough.
LG5 expels phlegm, clears heat from lungs.
LG1 (FM) clears lung heat, stops cough & treats acute conditions of lung.
LG6 (xi cleft) treats acute lung patterns & stops cough.
REN12, REN9, STM40, SP6 resolve phlegm.
DU14, LI11 clears heat.
SJ6, SP15 clears heat & moves it downwards.
Reducing technique except REN12!

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14
Q

Cough (Chronic): Damp Phlegm in Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Repeated attacks of cough
*Profuse white sticky sputum
*Breathlessness worse in AM & after eating
*Epigastric fullness
*Nausea
*Poor appetite
*Tiredness
*Chest oppression
*Feeling heavy
*Loose stool
*T pale
*C sticky, thick & white
*P slippery

A

Treatment Principle: A) dry damp, resolve phlegm. LG5 expels phlegm, and restores lung descent.
REN12, REN9, STM40, SP6 resolve dampness phlegm. Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) tonify spleen, restore lung descent
BLD13 is back shu of lung, used for chronic patterns, descends lung qi.
BLD20, STM36 Tonify spleen to resolve phlegm.
Reinforcing technique!

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15
Q

Cough (Chronic): Phlegm Heat in Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Repeated attacks of barking cough
*Profuse yellow, blood-flecked & purulent sputum *Breathlessness
*Rattling sound in throat
*Red face
*Tiredness
*Chest oppression
*Feeling of heat
*Dry mouth & thirst
*T red
*C sticky & yellow
*P slippery, rapid & slightly floating.
This chronic condition presents very similarly to phlegm-heat in acute stage but differs due to the background of spleen deficiency.

A

Treatment principle: is the same for Damp-phlegm but with addition of DU14 and LI11 to clear heat.

Treatment Principle: A) dry damp, resolve phlegm. LG5 expels phlegm, and restores lung descent.
REN12, REN9, STM40, SP6 resolve dampness phlegm. Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) tonify spleen, restore lung descent
BLD13 is back shu of lung, used for chronic patterns, descends lung qi.
BLD20, STM36 Tonify spleen to resolve phlegm.
Reinforcing technique!

16
Q

Cough (Chronic): Phlegm Fluids in Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Low sounding cough white, watery & dilute sputum. *Tiredness
*Feeling cold
*Chest oppression
*Poor appetite
*Low spirits
*T pale
*C sticky & white
*P slippery & weak-floating

A

Treatment Principle: A) drain damp, resolve phlegm, scatter cold, stop cough.
LG5 expels phlegm, restores lung descent.
REN12, REN9, STM40, SP6 resolve dampness phlegm. BLD22 back shu of SJ - reduce it to promote transformation of fluids.
Reducing technique!
Treatment Principle: B) tonify spleen & kidneys.
DU4, BLD23 reinforce with moxa to tonify kidney yang.
STM36, REN12, BLD20 tonify spleen to resolve phlegm.
Reinforcing technique!

17
Q

Cough (Chronic): Liver Fire Insulting Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Sudden bouts of cough, often triggered by emotional stress
*Dry throat & mouth
*Feeling of phlegm in throat (PST)
*Scanty phlegm
*Hypochondrium pain
*Pain on coughing
*Bitter taste
*Irritability
*T red, esp edges
*C dry & yellow
*P wiry & rapid

A

Treatment Principle: clear lungs, clear liver fire, restore lung descent, stop cough.
LV2 clears fire.
GB34 pacifies liver & eliminates stagnation from chest & hypochondriac.
LI11 clears heat.
LG5, LG1 clears lung heat and restore descent of lung qi.
REN17 subdues rebellions qi in chest, restores descent of lung qi.
GB21 subdues rebellious qi & makes it descend.
Reducing technique!

18
Q

Cough (Chronic): Lung Qi Deficiency Treatment Principle?
*Slight low-sounding cough
*Spontaneous sweating
*Propensity to catching cold
*Weak voice
*Tiredness
*Pale face
*T pale
*P empty

A

Treatment Principle: tonify lung qi, restore the descending of lung qi.
LG9, BLD13 tonifies lung qi and stops cough.
BLD43 nourishes lung yin, specific for chronic lung conditions.
REN12, STM36, SP6 tonify stm & lung, as lung channel starts in middle jiao.
Reinforcing technique!

19
Q

Cough (Chronic): Lung Yin Deficiency Treatment Principle?
*Dry cough in short bursts & low sound
*No / scanty phlegm
*Sputum may be blood flecked
*Dry throat
*5 palm sweats
*Feeling of heat in PM
*Night sweats
*Thin body
*Extreme tiredness
*T red & dry, lung cracks
*C peeled
*P floating empty

A

Treatment Principle: tonify lung yin, moisten lungs, clear empty heat if necessary, restore the descending of lung qi, stop cough.
LG9, LG1 tonify lung yin.
LG10 clears lung empty heat (reducing technique).
REN12, STM36, SP6 tonify spl & stm to nourish lung, as lung channel starts in middle jiao.
LG7, KD6 benefit throat, nourish yin, restore lung descent, stop cough.
Reinforcing technique!

20
Q

Cough (Chronic): Lung Dryness Treatment Principle?
*Very dry, tickly cough with low sound
*Persistent and worse at night
*Dry throat & mouth
*T dry
*P floating & empty
Dryness of the lungs but WITHOUT any yin xu.
It is often believed that lung dryness will precede lung yin xu.
Tends to occur in people with a predisposition to lung xu and also use their voice a lot (ie teachers).
Usually associated/seen with stomach yin xu since all fluids originate in the stomach.
Also presents after invasion of wind heat that drys lugs, and leads to dampness with residual heat/phlegm heat.

A

Treatment Principle: moisten lungs, restore the descending of lung qi, stop cough.
LG9, LG1 tonifies lung yin.
LG10 clears lung empty heat (reducing technique).
REN12, STM36, SP6 tonify spl & stm to nourish lung, as lung channel starts in middle jiao.
LG7, KD6 benefit throat, nourish yin, restore lung descent, stop cough.
Reinforcing technique!

21
Q

Breathlessness: Lung Yin Deficiency Treatment Principle?
*Shortness of breath
*Chronic breathlessness
*5 palm sweats
*Night sweating
*Dry throat
*Dry cough
*Malar flush
*Scanty sputum
*P floating empty, rapid & weak on lung position
*T red & dry, no C
*T red with thin coating, transverse cracks in lung

A

Treatment principle: nourish lung yin, restore lung qi descent.
LG9 tonifies lung yin.
LG7, KD6 opens Ren vessel, strongly nourishes lung & kidney yin, restores lung qi descent, benefits throat.
BLD43 nourishes lung yin in chronic disease.
BLD13, DU12 tonify lung qi.
R4 nourishes yin & strengthens kidney ability to grasp descending lung qi.

22
Q

Breathlessness: Lung & Kidney Deficiency Treatment Principle?
*Chronic breathlessness
*Difficulty inhalation
*Loss of weight
*Depression
*Ankle Oedema
*Cold limbs
*Sore back
*Dizziness
*Weak knees
*P weak, deep & slow
*T pale & swollen
The majority of these symptoms reflect kidney deficiency.
This will affect the lung because of failure of the kidney to grasp the qi the lungs are descending will cause that qi to accumulate in the upper jiao.

A

Treatment principle: tonify & warm kidneys, stimulate lung qi descent.
BLD 23, KD 7 tonify kd yang.
DU4 tonfies Mingmen (Fire of the Gate of Vitality).
Moxa applicable KD3 source point, tonifies kidneys.
KD25 important local point to relieve chest fulness & kidney xu breathlessness.
LG7 stimulates descending of lung qi.

23
Q

Breathlessness: Lung & Kidney Yin Deficiency Treatment Principle?
*Chronic breathlessness
*Difficulty inhalation
*Dry throat
*Dry cough
*Night sweats
*5 palm sweats
*Malar flush
*P floating, empty
*T red, dry, cracked in lung position.
*No C
Generally speaking the kidney’s ability to grasp hold of lung qi is yang in nature (action). However, kidney yin deficiency will also impair the kidneys’ holding of lung qi.

A

Treatment principle: nourish yin, strengthen lung & kidney, ease breathlessness.
LG9, R17 tonify lung, promotes lung qi descent.
STM36, R12 strengthen earth to tonify meta.l
SP6, R4 nourish yin.
KD3 nourish kidney.
LG7, KD6 nourish kidney yin, restore lung qi descent, benefit the throat, open Ren vessel.
KD25 local point to stimulate kidney grasping qi.

24
Q

Breathlessness: Lung & Kidney Yang Xu Fluids Overflowing to Heart & Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Chronic breathlessness
*Cough with loose phlegm white, watery phlegm
*Chest oppression
*Palpitations
*Oedema
*Scanty urination
*Chilliness
*P deep, weak, slow
*T pale, swollen, wet
This is a multi-faceted condition. Root is Lung & kidney yang xu. This allows fluids to accumulate in the upper jiao, affecting both heart and lung. White, watery sputum is typical of phlegm fluids.

A

Treatment principle: tonify & warm lung & kidneys, resolve phlegm fluids, stimulate lung qi descent.
LG7, LI6, R17 stimulate descent of lung qi, open lung water passages.
R12, R9, R6 tonify qi, resolve damp / oedema.
KD7, SP6 tonifies kidneys, resolves oedema.
STM40 resolves phlegm.
P6 opens chest, tonifies heart yang.
BLD20, 23, 22 tonify spleen & kidney yang, stimulate transformation of body fluid in lower jiao to resolve oedema.
BLD13, 15 tonify lung & heart yang.

25
Q

Breathlessness: Lung, Heart, Kidney Yang Xu, Fluids Overflowing to Heart Treatment Principle?
*Chronic breathlessness
*Difficulty laying down
*White, watery phlegm
*Chest oppression
*Nausea
*Purple face & nails
*Scanty pale urination
*Chilliness
*Backache
*Weak knees
*P deep, slow, knotted
*T purple & swollen
This chronic, complex condition is only seen in older people suffering from chronic breathlessness. Marked by a separation between upper jiao and lower jiao, a deficiency of upper jiao yang along with a deficiency of warming kidney yang allows phlegm fluids to form and accumulate in the heart & lungs. These further impair the descent of lung qi. They also obstruct blood circulation in the heart.

A

Treatment principle: tonify & warm lungs, heart & kidney; resolve phlegm, move blood, eliminate stagnation, restore descending of lung qi.
LG7, LI6, R17 stimulate descent of lung qi, open lung water passages to resolve oedema.
R12, R9, R6 tonfy qi, resolve oedema.
KD7, SP6 tonify kidneys & resolve oedema.
STM40 resolve phlegm.
P6 opens chest, tonifies heart yang.
BLD20, 23, 22 tonify spleen, kidney yang & transform fluids in lower jiao.
BLD13, 15 tonify lung & heart qi.
BLD17, SP10 move blood, eliminate stasis.

26
Q

Asthma (During Attack): Wind Cold Without Sweating Treatment Principle?
*Sudden wheezing & breathlessness
*Difficulty breathing out
*No sweating
*Tight chest
*Pale face
*Feeling cold
*Sneezing
*Cough
*No thirst
*Attack elicited by cold weather
*Stiff shoulders & back
*P tight

A

Treatment Principle: release exterior, expel wind cold, calm asthma, calm mind.
DINGCHUAN stops acute asthma.
BLD12 expels wind.
BLD13, R22, LG7 restores descent of lung qi.
LG6 accumulation point of lung, stops acute conditions.
HT7, R15 calms mind, makes qi descend fom the chest.
GB20, 21 expels wind, relaxes neck & shoulders to descend qi & help breathing.

26
Q

Asthma (During Attack): Wind Cold With Sweating Treatment Principle?
Sudden wheezing & breathlessness
Slight sweating
Less noisy breathing
Pale face
Less sig chilliness
Chest tightness
P tight, slow

A

Treatment principle: release exterior, harmonize nutritive and defensive qi, calm asthma, calm mind.
DINGCHUAN stops acute asthma.
BLD12, BLD13 expels wind, restores lung qi descent.
R22 restores descending.
LG6 accumulation point for acute lung issues.
STM36, SP6 harmonise nutritive & defensive qi.
HT7, R15 calm the mind, restore heart qi descending, relieves fulness in chest.

27
Q

Asthma (During Attack): Wind Heat Treatment Principle?
*Fever
*Aversion to cold
*Headache
*Chest tightness
*Loud wheezing
*Barking cough
*Asthma
*Mental restlessness
*Slight thirst
*T red sides & front
*P rapid

A

Treatment principle: release exterior, expel wind heat, restore descent of lung qi, calm mind, calm asthma.
LG5 clears lung heat.
LG1, 7, BLD13 restores descent of lung qi.
LG6 xi lef point, treats acute conditions.
LU11 expels wind heat & eases throat.
DINGCHAUN stops acute asthma.
HT7, R15 calm the mind.

28
Q

Asthma (Between Attacks): Liver Qi Stagnation Insulting Lungs Treatment Principle?
*Asthma attacks elicited by emotional stress
*Oppression in chest
*Distension in hypochondrium
*T red sides if long-standing
*P wiry

A

Treatment principle: soothe liver, regulate qi, restore lung qi descent.
P6, SP4 opens Chong, relieves chest fulness, soothes rebellious upper jiao qi, calms mind, moves liver qi via pericardium channel.
LV14, BLD18 font mu & back shu of liver.
R17 moves qi in chest and restores descent.

29
Q

Asthma (Between Attacks): Liver Fire insulting Lung Treatment Principle?
*Loud wheezing
*Attacks of asthma elicited by emotional pressures
*Irritability
*Propensity to outbursts of anger
*Hypochondrial distension
*Chest fullness
*Bitter taste
*Thirst
*T redder sides
*C yellow
*P wiry, rapid

A

Treatment principle: clear liver, clear fire, subdue rebellious qi, restore descent of lung qi, calm mind.
LV2 main point to clear liver fire.
LV14, BLD18 clear liver fire & move liver qi.
P6 regulates liver, opens chest, eases breathing, calms mind.
LG7 restores descent of lung qi.

30
Q

Asthma (Between Attacks): Liver Yin Xu Treatment Principle?
*Infrequent asthma attacks
*Attacks most frequently at night
*Dry throat
*Dry cough
*Blurred vision
*Dry eyes
*Hypochondriac distension
*Chest distension
*P floating - empty
*T red, no C

A

Treatment principle: nourish liver yin, move liver qi, restore descent of lungs, calm mind.
LV8, R4 nourish liver yin.
SP6, KD3 nourish kidney yin, in order to nourish liver yin.
P6, S4 open yin linking vessels to nourish liver blood, open chest, calm mind.

Internal Medicine (Acupuncture) (1 decks)

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