Actus Reus - legal principle Flashcards
R v Mitchell (1983)
A.R was involuntary
March and Muntz (2003)
D’s hadn’t committed A.R so no offence
R v Larsonner (1993)
Didn’t matter that D wasn’t acting involuntary
Airedale NHS trust v Bland (1993)
Withdrawal of medical treatment not A.R if in best interest of patient (ommission)
R v Pitwood (1902)
Omissions are A.R where contractual duty exists
R v Gibbins & Procter (1918)
Omissions are A.R where duty because of relationship exists
R v Stone & Dobbinson (1977)
Omissions are A.R where duty undertaken voluntarily
R v Evans (2009)
Omissions are A.R where D created dangerous situation
R v Dytham (1979)
Omissions are A.R where official position creates duty
R v Miller (1983)
Omissions are A.R where D created dangerous situation
DPP v Santa-Bermudez (2003)
Omissions are A.R where D created dangerous situation
R v Pagett (1983)
‘But for’ test, factual causation
R v Hughes (2013)
Factual causation not necessarily enough alone to cause liability
R v Kimsey (1996)
Legal causation - more than a minimal factor
R v Blaue (1975)
Thin skull rule
R v Smith (1959)
Poor medical care not an intervening act if original wound still ‘operating cause’.
R v Cheshire (1991)
Poor medical care not an intervening act if original wound ‘operating cause’
R v Jordan (1959)
Sufficiently independent acts will break chain of causation
R v Malcherek (1981)
Turning off life support doesn’t break chain of causation
R v Roberts (1972)
D responsible for foreseeable actions taken by V due to D’s actions
R v Majoram (2000)
D responsible for foreseeable actions taken by V due to D
R v Kennedy (2007)
V’s actions break chain of causation when self-administering drugs
