Acts, Enlightenment, Great Awakening Flashcards
Committee of Corespondents and its Functions
-Each committee got in touch with other towns and colonies
-Shared ideas and information about the new British laws and ways to challenge them
-Samual Adam’s helped found it
-Information Dissemination
-Mobilization
-Coordination
-Public Opinion Formation
Information Dissemination
Committees, collected, and distributed news about British actions, including taxation laws, political debates, and military movements
Mobilization
By spreading information, the committees rallied colonist to support common causes an organized protest, boycott, and other forms of resistance
Coordination
The committee helped to coordinate efforts between different colonies, ensuring the United front against British rule
Public opinion formation
The committees played a significant role in shaping public opinion, influencing colonist s’ attitudes toward British policies in the prospects for independence
Writs of assistance
General search warrants issued by British American courts to empower customs officials to combat smuggling. These warrants allowed customs officers to search any house or vessel for smuggle goods without a specific warrant or probable cause.
British East India Company
A tea company who had a huge amount of tea, but couldn’t sell it directly to the colonist. Then company talked to parliament and said that if they sold the tea for cheaper than it might encourage colonist to stop smuggling. Less smuggling would result and more tax money. Many merchants and smugglers feared that this would bring down their businesses.
Jonathan Edwards
He was from Massachusetts and was one of the most important leaders of the great awakening. He taught sermons and they were about hell and sin.
George Whitfield
Minister of the great awakening
Colonial courts
Made up an important part of colonial governments. Colonist used chords to control local affairs. Court reflected beliefs of their local communities. Sometimes they also protected individual freedoms.
The Townsend act
Parliament passed this act in June 1767. Imposed taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. Taxes were to raise revenue for the British government, to pay for the French and Indian war. Colonistsboycotted it.
Townsend acts features
Taxes on imports, customs, enforcement, punishment for defiance
The sugar act
Parliament passed it in 1764 to tax colonist to make them help pay cost. It imposed tax on sugar and molasses imported into the American colonies from non-British sources. Increase revenue for the government.
Provisions for the sugar act
Reduced to duty on foreign molasses, higher duty on refined sugar, prohibition on foreign rum, structure enforcement
What was another name for the west Indies company?
East India Company
Who is the Prime Minister who passed the sugar act?
George Grenville
The tea act
Allowed British east India company to sell tea directed to the colonist. Passed in 1773. Impacted the relationship between the American colonies in great Britain. Ignited a series of events that led to the American revolution.
The tea act rules
Granted the east India Company, a monopoly on the tea trade in the American colonies. Provided the company with the tax break on T exported to the colonies. allow the company to ship to directly to the colonies, bypassing, colonial merchants
Main
Monopoly
Tax break
Direct shipment
The tea act consequences
It was seen as an attempt to force them to pay tax. They considered unfair. Colonist
dumped Crates of tea into the water. Harsh punishments that further alienated the colonist. Paved away for the American revolution.
Main
-Colonist opposition
-Boston tea party
-intolerable acts
-path to revolution
The intolerable acts
A series of four laws passed by parliament to punch colonist of Massachusetts for the Boston tea party. played a role in sparking the American revolution
The intolerable acts key elements
-Boston Port act
-Massachusetts government act
-Administration of justice act
-Quartering act
Massachusetts government act
Stripped Massachusetts of its right to self government, placing its government under direct British control
Boston Port act
Close to the port of Boston until the colonist paid for the destroyed tea. This act devastated Boston’s economy and led to widespread hardship.
Administration of justice act
Allowed British officials accused of crimes in the colonies to be tried in Britain. This made it nearly impossible for colonist to obtain justice.
Quartering act
Required colonist to provide housing and supplies for British troops. This was seen as a violation of colonists rights.
Boston tea party
On the night of December 16, 17 73, a group of sons of liberty, disguised as Mohawk Indians, boarded the three British ships in Boston Harbor. They forced the tea chest onto the dock and dumped them into the water. The Boston tea party was a symbolic act of defiance against British authority.
Boston tea party consequences
The Boston tea party angered the British government, which responded by passing the intolerable acts. These acts close the port of Boston, punch the town of Boston for the tea party, and strengthen British control over the colonies. The intolerable act further inflamed intentions between the American colonies and great Britain, eventually leading to the American revolution.
Cause of the Boston massacre
British military occupation, economic hardship, protest, and confrontations
British military occupation
The presence of British troops in Boston to enforce British policies, particularly taxation, was a major source of resentment among colonists.
Economic hardship
The British imposed a series of taxes on the colonists, including stamp act in the Townsend acts, which led the economic hardships and increased tensions
Protests and confrontations
Colonist organized protest and boycott to oppose British policies. These demonstrations often led to confrontations between colonist and British soldiers.
Effects of the Boston massacre
Increased anti-British sentiment, rise of patriot leaders, steps towards revolution
Increased anti-British sentiment
The Boston massacre fueled anti-British sentiment throughout the colonies. It was widely publicized and condemned as a brutal act of oppression.
Rise of patriot leaders
Figures like Samuel Adams and Paul Revere use the massacre as a rally and cry to mobilize support for the patriot cause
Steps towards revolution
The event marked a significant turning point in the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain. It helped to solidify the colonists’ determination to resist British rule and ultimately led to the American revolution.
Greta, awakening leader, effects, and significance
Jonathan Edwards and George Whitfield, changed colonial, religion, affected social and political life, a religious movement this wept through the colonies. Increased religious diversity. Change, socially and politically by social equality.
The enlightenment leader
John Locke
The enlightenment, key ideas
Movement in 1700s that spread the idea that reason could improve society also formed ideas on how government should work
The enlightenment value
Said that people had natural rights such as equality and liberty influenced colonial leaders
Significance of the Bill of Rights
Reduced the powers of the English monarch
Purpose of the navigation acts
Limit colonial trade, for bid colonist for trading certain items such as sugar and cotton with any other country other than England, the act also required colonist to use English ships transfer goods
What was the great awakening?
A religious movement that swept through the colonies in a 1730s and 1740s. Change colonial religion. Affected social and political life.
Effects of the great awakening
Change colonial religion. Changed religion.
Impact of the great awakening
Led to the growth of new religious denominations, such as Baptist, Methodist, and Presbyterian. Colonist demanded more political equality.
Who fought over the Ohio River Valley and why
Britain and Indians fought, parliament, had to pay for the cost. The British kept an army in North America to protect colonist from Indiana tax. They each thought the land belonged to them
Results of the French and Indian war
Great Britain won, past sugar act to pay for keeping troops in North America, Townend acts attended to pay for the war
Why sugar act was passed
Prime Minister, George Grenville as parliament to tax colonist. Wanted to raise money in the colonies. Wanted to pay off the French and Indian war
What does no taxation without representation mean?
Parliament could not tax anyone without consent or permission. Cannot tax without popular consent.
The stamp act
Actor required Conness to pay for an official stamp, or seal, when they bought paper items.
Why was the stamp act introduced?
The British government wanted new ways to tax American colonistS
What sparked the Boston massacre?
Mini Bostonian saw British troops as a threat by the British government. They resented each other. A British soldier standing guard gone to an argument with the colonist and struck him.
What did the Boston tea party demonstrate?
An early example of what later became known as an act of civil disobedience
Why were the intolerable acts repealed?
They first hope that the steps would bring back order in the colonies, but instead increased peoples anger at Britain. From the backlash. Replaced with declatory acts
What did the colonist call the coercive acts and why?
Intolerable acts because they thought of them to be cruel and unfair
How did the enlightenment influence politics in the colonies?
Formed ideals on how government should work. Reason could improve society. Believed in inequality, social contract between government and citizens. Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness/property, influence to create documents to show equality.
