Activity Questions Applicator Core Flashcards
1
Q
Define Pest
A
A pest is a harmful, noxious or troublesome organism. Pests include weeds, insects, fungi,
bacteria, viruses, rodents or other plants or animal pests.
2
Q
Define Pesticide
A
A pesticide is anything that is intended to prevent, destroy, repel, attract or manage a pest.
3
Q
Define Active Ingredient
A
An active ingredient (a.i.) is the part of a pesticide formulation that produces the desired effects.
4
Q
The active ingredient controls the pest by:
A
The active ingredient controls by
• Killing the pest
• Reducing the numbers of the pest
• Keeping the pest from returning to do damage.
5
Q
Define Formulant
A
Any component of a pest control product that is added to the product and that is not an active ingredient.
Formulants are other materials added to active ingredients to make them suitable for storage, handling or application. They are sometimes called “other ingredients”.
6
Q
Formulation
A
A formulation is a mixture of active ingredients and formulants.
A formulation may consist of:
• The active ingredient that controls the target pest
• A solvent or mineral clay to dilute the active ingredient
• Surface-active ingredients, such as stickers and spreaders
• Ingredients such as stabilizers, dyes and chemicals that improve or enhance pesticidal activity.
7
Q
Define Adjuvant
A
An adjuvant is a substance added to a pesticide mixture to enhance the pesticide’s qualities.
Adjuvants are substances that are added at the time of application to make the product safer to use, more effective, more convenient to handle, or easier to apply. Adjuvants are registered for specific uses with a specific pesticide. Adjuvants work by:
• Making the spray stick to the surface of the target better
• Improving spray droplet uniformity to give more complete coverage
• Altering the pH of the spray water
• Increasing/decreasing evaporation to improve the drying of the spray mixture.
8
Q
Product or Trade
Name
A
Product names are given to the formulated pesticide products by their manufacturers. These names appear prominently on the pesticide label.
The Product Name is sometimes also called the Trade Name.
9
Q
Common Name
A
This name refers to the active ingredient. The common name appears on the label beside, or under the word “GUARANTEE”. Because there can be more than one active ingredient in a pesticide product, there can be more than one common name listed on the label.
10
Q
Chemical Name
A
This refers to the name of the chemical structure of the active ingredient. The chemical name does not usually appear on the label but will be on the Safety Data Sheet.
11
Q
Registration
Number
A
The registration number identifies a pesticide by its product, (trade) name, name of manufacturer or registrant, type of formulation, concentration of active ingredients and the class of pesticide.
12
Q
Every pesticide has to be registered with whom?
A
Every pesticide has to be registered with Health Canada.
The Pest Management Regulatory Agency is the branch of Health Canada responsible for registering pesticides for use in Canada.
13
Q
What is shown on the label
A
The product name and the common name will be on the label. The chemical name of the active ingredient may not appear at all on the label.
14
Q
Three ways of naming pesticides
A
Chemical name
Product Name
Common Name
15
Q
- The active ingredient is identified by the
A
Common Name
16
Q
- One way of grouping pesticides is according to the way they act on the pest. The two other ways to group pesticides are:
A
(a) Target pest
(b) Chemical family/Resistance Management/Modes of Action Groups
17
Q
- To control roundworms, a pesticide called a/an
A
Nematicide
18
Q
- A miticide is used to control
A
Mites
19
Q
- A contact pesticide works when it is sprayed______________ on the pest
A
Directly on
20
Q
- Pesticides that move to different parts of treated plants are known as
A
Systemic
21
Q
“ROUNDUP” is an example of a/an
A
Product name
22
Q
- Active and other ingredients when mixed together become a pesticide
A
Formulation
23
Q
- A pest is an organism that produces______________ effects
A
Undesired
24
Q
- A substance that is added to a pesticide at the time of application is known as a/an
A
Adjuvant
25
12. Every pesticide is registered with
Health Canada
26
Solution (SN) or Liquid (L)
A clear liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in a liquid solution.
Use: Sprays for insect, disease and weed control in soil, on plants and animals and in buildings.
27
Emulsifiable Concentrate (EC) or Emulsion (E)
A liquid that consists of one or more active ingredients dissolved in an oil-based solvent. An emulsifier helps the solvent mix with water. When mixed, it looks milky.
Sprays for insect, disease and weed control.
28
Flowable or Suspension (F)
Solid particles of an active ingredient are suspended in a liquid. These pesticides usually need to be diluted with water.
Sprays for insect, disease and weed control in soil and on plants.
29
Microcapsule Suspension (MS)
Small (micro) capsules of active ingredients are suspended in a liquid. The active ingredients are slowly released from the capsules.
Variety of uses. Suitable when gradual delivery of the active ingredient is needed.
30
Dust (DU)
Consists of an active ingredient diluted with a powdered inert material.
Spot treatment by to control insects or diseases on plants.
Insect control on animals.
Seed treatment.
Insect control in enclosed areas of buildings.
31
Granules (GR)
This is a mixture of large, free-flowing particles with a low concentration of active ingredient. They are used in a dry form.
Water treatment to control insects.
Turf treatment to control diseases.
Soil treatment to control weeds or insects.
32
Soluble Granules (SG)
Similar in appearance to a granular formulation but the particles are dissolved in water before application.
Weed control.
33
Soluble Powder (SP)
Consists of powdered active ingredients and inert material that is dissolved in water
Sprays for insect or weed control, or deer repellent.
34
Wettable Powder (WP)
A dry powdered material made of an active ingredient, a wetting agent and other formulants. It is mixed with water to form a suspension before application.
In a suspension the particles of the active ingredient are not dissolved.
35
Wettable Granule (WG) or Dry Flowable (DF)
Consists of small granules or spheres that break down into wettable powders when mixed with water.
Most are sprays for weed control. Some are to control insects, or plant diseases.
36
Bait
Consists of an active ingredient mixed with substances to attract pests such as food or edible substances.
Used to control slugs, rodents and certain insects.
37
Tablets
Pesticides formulated into pre-measured "doses" of dry material (like a pill).
Some are meant to be mixed with water and sprayed (a certain number of tablets in a certain volume of water), some are meant to be used "as is" (e.g. some fumigants are applied as tablets to stored grain. The tablet gives off toxic gas when exposed to air and kills insects in the grain).
38
Fumigants
Pressurized liquids, pressurized gases or solids such as tablets or pellets that produce gases when exposed to air or water.
Work as gases during application to control insects, mites, nematodes and
39
Pressurized Product (PP)
Aerosol spray, foam or dust packed in a pressurized container
These pesticides are applied straight from their containers into the air, ont surfaces or into cracks and crevices, depending on the product. Most are u to control or repel insects.
40
A pesticide formulation is a
A pesticide formulation is a mixture of active ingredients with other substances.
41
Pesticide formulations contain a substance which is mixed with active ingredients to make product safer to handle, easier to apply or better suited for storage. These substances are called
Formulation
42
Mixtures of pesticides that cause a problem are termed
Incompatible
43
An adjuvant which reduces the alkalinity in water is called a/an
Buffer
44
Integrated Pest
Management (IPM):
IPM is a systematic decision-making process that aims to prevent pests from becoming problems, and to determine what actions to take if pest problems occur.
45
Injury Threshold
The injury threshold is the point when a pest population reaches numbers
such that it causes unacceptable injury or damage, sufficient to justify treatment.
A few individuals of a pest population can usually be tolerated. Treatments should only be considered if numbers increase to, or are likely to increase to, the injury threshold.
Pest treatments have financial costs, and may have other impacts, such as on wildlife or fish habitat or beneficial species. These impacts must be weighed against the benefits of treatment, to determine whether or not treatment is justified.
46
Action Threshold
The action threshold (sometimes called treatment threshold) is the point at which a treatment should be started in order to prevent the pest population from reaching the injury threshold. The action threshold depends on the type of treatment as well as on the life cycle and reproductive rate of the pest.
47
The action threshold depends on one or more of the following factors:
• Type of pest
• Numbers or extent of pest
• Value/importance of the crop/area being protected
• Stage of the pest in its life cycle or reproductive cycle
Weather conditions
• Type and cost of treatment to be used.
48
Once a decision has been made to treat and manage a pest problem, there are a number of different options to consider in selecting the best form of control. Most treatments fall into one of the following groups:
Cultural
Mechanical/Physical
Biological
Behavioural
Chemical (pesticide).
49
Covering holes and building barriers to restrict pest access is an example of which type of IPM treatment?
a. Behavioural
b. Biological
C. Chemical
d. Cultural
e. Mechanical/Physical
A
50
Legal Status of Label
Legal Status of Label
Pesticide labels are legal documents defined under the Pest Control Products Act. Label information serves as both a practical and a legal guide for proper handling and use of pesticides.
A pesticide label provides basic information on use, limitations, disposal, first aid, contents, precautions, formulation and toxicology. It is required by law that applicators follow the label information in order to make effective, safe and environmentally sound pesticide applications.
The information on a pesticide label helps applicators make sound decisions on pesticide storage, handling, application and disposal. Each pesticide has its own label; the format of the label, however, is standard. Those who buy and use pesticides must know how to interpret the label.
51
Two Components of a Label
A pesticide label has two parts:
Two Components of a Label
A pesticide label has two parts:
1. The front or principal information
2. The back or secondary information.
52
Principal Information
The principal information is located on the front of a pesticide container. This panel contains information that enables an applicator to identify a pesticide in a number of ways. The principal information also warns of hazards and their nature. Applicators must understand the principal information to ensure that they are using the right product and handling it safely. Principal information consists of ten things.
53
Principal Information Items (Front):
Principal Information Items (Front):
1. Trade name or product name
2. Formulation
3. Class designation
4. Purpose or Use
5. Guarantee statement
6. Registration number (PCP Act number)
7. Precautionary shapes, symbols and
words
8. Directions to "Read the label"
9. Name and address of the registrant
10. Net contents.
54
Secondary information gives instructions on how to use the pesticide and what to do in order to protect the health and safety of both the applicator and public. This information is typically found on the back or side of pesticide containers. Sometimes some of the information is in attached booklets or adjacent to the primary information.
55
Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
Labels on Commercial and Restricted class products may make reference to a document called a Safety Data Sheet (SDS). The Safety Data Sheet provides additional information about a pesticide product. This information can enhance the label information. Under the Pest Control Products Act, a pesticide manufacturer must produce an SDS for all Commercial and Restricted class products.
56
LD50
LDs0 stands for Lethal Dose for 50% of the Test Population. The LDs0, or Lethal Dose 50%, is the amount of a substance which in one treatment kills half (50%) of the animals in a test. Test animals are given the pesticide through the skin, (dermal) or through the mouth (oral). The LD50 value is measured in mg of pesticide per kg of body weight of the test animal. The smaller the LDso number, the more toxic the pesticide.
These LD50 values allow us to compare toxicity of different pesticides. They are, however, not an accurate way of determining the amount of pesticide that is likely to kill a person. They only tell us how much pesticide will kill half of the test animals. We assume that people will be affected in a similar way to the test animals, but we cannot be sure. Also, the number does not tell us at what levels the first animals died; it could be at considerably smaller dose than the amount needed to kill half the test animals
57
LC50
Toxicity can also be measured with an LC50 test result. The LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50%) is the concentration (expressed in parts per million) of a pesticide in the air or water sufficient to kill half of the test animals exposed to the pesticide. NOTE: The smaller the LC50 number, the more toxic the pesticide. As with LDso, LCso gives us a way to compare the toxicity of different pesticides but does not tell us what levels can harm people.
58
Symptoms of Chronic Toxicity
• skin irritation
-Loss of weight
• Tumours
• Organ damage
Nerve damage
• Birth defects.
59
6 Elements of IPM
Prevention
Identification
Monitoring
Thresholds
Treatment
Evaluation
60
PCPA
Pest Control Products Act
The Pest Control Products Act (PCP) is the most important piece of federal legislation regulating pesticides in Canada.
61
Purpose of the PCP Act
The Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) of Health Canada administers the Pest Control
Products Act.
The main purpose of the PCP Act is to:
• Prevent unacceptable risks to people and the environment from the use of pest control products.
-Ensure that only pest control products of value (that are effective and beneficial) are approved for use in Canada.
-Encourage the development of sustainable pest management strategies by helping to provide access to products that pose lower risks.
-Support sustainable development designed to meet the needs of both present and future Canadians.
-Encourage public awareness and public participation in the pesticide registration process.
62
Pesticide Registration
Before a pesticide can be imported, sold or used in Canada, it must first be registered under the PC and have a PCP number.
In order to obtain approval to register a pesticide with the Pest Manager Regulatory Agency of Health Canada, the Registrant must provide scientific data and information
• Product effectiveness in Canadian conditions
• Toxicity to humans, animals and plants
- Food and feed residues
Product fate in the environment
Chemistry of the pesticide.
63
Pesticide Applicator Responsibilities Under the PCP Act
Although much of the PCP Act relates to the production, testing and marketing of a pesticide, pesticide applicators have specific responsibilities under the Act. Those responsibilities include the following:
• To possess and use only registered pesticides unless special authorization has been obtained to use an unregistered pesticide.
• Following the instructions contained on the label. It is the applicator's responsibility to ensure that the pesticide is used, stored and disposed of safely.
-Following label directions when disposing of unused pesticide.
-Not repackaging pesticides for distribution.
64
Classifications of pesticides in Canada
Domestic
Commercial
Restricted
Manufacturing
65
Domestic class pesticides
for use in or around the home without special training as long as label directions are followed
66
Commercial class pesticides
- for use in agriculture, forestry‘s landscape industry, and other commercial operations. May have same ingredients as domestic, but they can pose a greater risk because of the concentration of active ingredient or size of container. Additional knowledge is required. (Agricultural/Industrial)
67
Restricted Class Pesticides
commercial type pesticides with certain limitations on the label, more hazardous, or involves special requirements
68
Manufacturing class pesticides
only used in manufacturing, formulating, or repackaging of pesticides. Not for use by applicators.
69
FDA
Food and drugs act protects the health of consumers by prohibiting the sale of food that contains harmful or poisonous substances
70
MRL
Maximum residue limit
maximum amount of pesticide residue that may safely be contained in food products
71
TDG
Transportation of Dangerous goods
Governed by Transport Canada &/or Provincial Governments
72
TDG Classes: 1
Explosives
73
TDG Classes: 2
Compressed Gas
74
TDG Classes: 3
Flammable and combustible Liquids
75
TDG Classes: 4
Flammable Solids
76
TDG Classes: 5
Oxidizing substances
77
TDG Classes: 6.1
Poisonous (Toxic) Substances
78
TDG Classes: 6.2
Infectious substances
79
TDG Classes: 7
Radioactive material
80
TDG Classes: 8
Corrosives
81
TDG Classes: 9
Miscellaneous, including environmentally hazardous
82
Shipping & transporting pesticides it may be necessary to obtain
• Shipping documents
• Special labels and markings
• Vehicle placards (signs) indicating type of dangerous goods carried
• Training certificates
• Safety procedures.
83
Applicator's Responsibilities in Transporting Dangerous Goods
An applicator who must transport pesticides should take the following steps.
-Obtain training in TDG requirements.
- Ask the supplier, manufacturer or distributor of the pesticide if the pesticide is a “dangerous good"
- Ask the supplier etc. if labels, documents and placards are required.
- Obtain permits that allow the applicator to carry small amounts of pesticides with appropriate precautions when applicable.
- Find out if there is an existing "Permit for Equivalent Level of Safety" between professional organizations and Transport Canada.
84
WHMIS
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
Product information is given in 3 ways:
Warning labels
Safety Data Sheets (SDS)
Worker education and training requirements.
85
The following laws apply within Manitoba:
• The Pesticides and Fertilizers Control Act
• The Environment Act
• The Dangerous Goods Handling and Transportation Act
• Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
• Manitoba's Hazardous Waste Legislation
• The Noxious Weeds Act
• The Wildlife Act
• The Endangered Species Act
86
.
A pesticide dealer's license is required
for the retail sale of pesticides and a pesticide applicator's license is required for the commercial application of pesticides. All persons who are engaged in the retail sale of pesticides or the commercial application of pesticides must be licensed. Licenses are effective for a one-year period.
87
Persons exempt from The Pesticide and fertilizer control Act are
wholesale distributors and farmers who apply pesticides off their farms for not more than three (3) individuals and less than a total of 500 ha (1235 ac) in any year
88
The applicators' records are to be completed within __________ of the application and kept for a minimum of ___________.
24 hours
3 years.
You do not need to send the records in, but they must be available if inspectors of The Act request them.
89
What is the list of Allowable Pesticides (by Active Ingredient)?
-acetic acid
-ammonium soaps of fatty acids
• Chondrostereum purpureum strain PFC2139 citric acid
• corn gluten meal
• fatty acid
• iron (ferrous or ferric) sulfate iron, if present as FeHEDTA
• lactic acid
• liquid corn gluten
• Phoma macrostoma strain 94-44B
• Sclerotinia minor
• soap (potassium salts of fatty acid)
• sodium chloride
• Streptromyces acidiscabies strain RL-110T and Thatomin A
90
When an employee has to work alone, what must the employer provide?
a.
Radio or telephone contact with dispatchers and adequate PPE to control hazards at the worksite
b.
Radio or telephone contact with dispatchers and adequate food and water to sustain the employee throughout the activity
C.
Radio or telephone contact with an applicator and adequate PPE to control the hazard at the worksite
d.
Radio or telephone contact with an applicator and adequate food and water to sustain the employee throughout the activity
C
91
Types of Adjuvants
- surfactants - wetting and penetrating leaf surface
Plant nutrients
Stickers
spreaders
Drift reduction agents thickeners
utility modifiers (buffers, tank cleaners, suspension agents, compatibility agents)
