Activity & Exercise Flashcards
Differentiate isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercises
Isotonic:
Ex: patient completing ADLs independently and ROM; swimming, walking, jogging, bicycling
Benefits: increased muscle mass, tone strength, improved joint mobility, improvement in cardiac and respiratory function, increased circulation, and increased bone building activity
Differentiate isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercises
Isometric:
Ex: yoga, contracting of the contours of the quadriceps and gluteal muscles
Benefits: increased muscle tone, mass, strength, and may also increase circulation to the exercised body part - hopefully increase osteoblastic activity (helps with bones)
Differentiate isotonic, isometric, and isokinetic exercises
Isokinetic:
Ex: lighting weighs
(Maximum degree of movement if which a body or a joint is normally capable)
Identify factors affecting movement and alignment
Many factors can affect movement and alignment including:
-growth and development
-physical health
-mental health
-lifestyle variables
-attitude and values
-fatigue and stress
- external factors such as weather can influence a person’s posture, movement, and daily activity level.
Identify developmental considerations affecting movement and alignment
For developmental considerations it could be due to:
-the person’s age and degree of neuromuscular development markedly influence body proportions, posture, body mass, movements, and reflexes.
With physical health problems in the musculoskeletal or nervous systems can have a negative influence on body alignment and movement. This could be due to illness, trauma, or even underlying pathology or treatment regimens.
Think about the congenital or acquired postural abnormalities. There could be issues with the bone formation or muscle development. Mental health and lifestyle may also affect movement and alignment, which can also be related to the attitude and values of your patient. Fatigue, stress, and external factors can also affect how our patients move or lack of movement
Discuss movement and alignment changes related to older adults
As nurses, we should be assessing their movement and alignment which can provide us clues to changes in their health and prevent, or prevent further, functional decline. We can assess their ease of movement, gait, posture, alignment, joint structure/function, muscle mass/tone/strength, and endurance. Proper body alignment will help with balance and operation and promote optimal physiological functioning. Deviations in body alignment may result from chronic poor posture, trauma, muscle damage, or nerve dysfunction. Pain, fatigue, and a person’s mental and emotional status may also influence alignment. So if we can ease their pain, get to the underlying cause of their fatigue, and maintain the psychological issues, then we may be able to correct their alignment.
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Urinary system: Mobility 🏋️
Because exercise increases circulation, this will help with blood flow to the kidneys.
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Cardiovascular system: Exercise 🏋️
-Increased efficiency of the heart
-Decreased heart rate and blood pressure
-Increased blood flow to all body parts
-Improved venous return
-Increased circulating fibrinolysin (substance that breaks up small clots)
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Respiratory system: Exercise 🏋️
-Improved alveolar ventilation
-Decreased work of breathing
-Improved diaphragmatic excursion
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Musculoskeletal system: Exercise 🏋️
-Increased muscle efficiency (strength) and flexibility
-Increased coordination
-Reduced bone loss
-Increased efficiency of nerve impulse transmission
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Metabolic processes and the GI system: Exercise 🏋️
-Increased triglyceride breakdown
-Increased gastric motility
-Increased production of body heat
-Increased appetite
-Increased intestinal tone, improving digestion and elimination
-Weight control
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Cardiovascular system: Immobility 🛌
-Increases workload
-Orthostatic hypotension
-Venous stasis which may result in venous thrombosis
-Increase chances of stroke
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Respiratory system: Immobility 🛌
-Decreases depth and rate because of a reduced need for for oxygen by the body cells
-Atelectasis
-Poor gas exchange
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Musculoskeletal system: Immobility 🛌
-May become weaker
-Atrophy
-Decrease tone and strength
-Decrease endurance
-Bone demineralization
Compare the effects of exercise and immobility on the body
Metabolic system: Immobility 🛌
-Decreased metabolic rate since demands are decreased
-Chronic illnesses and poor nutrition can become a bigger factor which can lead to increased metabolic demands, increasing catabolism
-Muscle wasting can occur (atrophy)
