Activity and Exercise

Question 1

atelectasis

Answer 1

collapse of alveoli

Question 2

bed rest

Answer 2

an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons and is sometimes prescribed for selected patients

Question 3

body alignment

Answer 3

correct body alignment reduces strain on musculoskeletal structures, aids in maintaining adequate muscle tone, promotes comfort, and contributes to balance and conservation of energy

Question 4

body mechanics

Answer 4

the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems

Question 5

disuse osteoporosis

Answer 5

reductions in skeletal mass routinely accompanying immobility or paralysis

Question 6

embolus

Answer 6

a traveling blood clot

Question 7

foot drop

Answer 7

abnormal neuromuscular condition of the lower leg and foot characterized by an inability to dorsiflex or evert the foot

Question 8

friction

Answer 8

a force that occurs in a direction to oppose movement

Question 9

gait

Answer 9

manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed

Question 10

hemiparesis/hemiplegia

Answer 10

muscle weakness or partial paralysis on one side of the body that can affect the arms, legs, and facial muscles.

Question 11

hypostatic pneumonia

Answer 11

inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions

Question 12

immobility

Answer 12

refers the inability to move freely

Question 13

instrumental ADLs

Answer 13

activities necessary for independence in society beyond eating, grooming, transferring, and toileting

Question 14

joint contracture

Answer 14

abnormality that may result in permanent condition of a joint; characterized by flexion and fixation; caused by disuse , atrophy, shortening of muscle fibers and surrounding joint tissues

Question 15

mobility

Answer 15

refers to a person’s ability to move about freely

Question 16

muscle atrophy

Answer 16

loss of muscle tone

Question 17

negative nitrogen balance

Answer 17

condition occurring when the body excretes more nitrogen than it takes in

Question 18

orthostatic hypotension

Answer 18

a drop in systolic pressure by at least 20 mmHg or a drop in diastolic pressure by at least 10 mmHg within 3 minutes of rising to an upright position

Question 19

osteoporosis

Answer 19

disorder characterized by abnormal rarefaction of bone, occurring most frequently in postmenopausal women, sedentary or immobilized individuals, and patients on long-term steroid therapy

Question 20

pathological fractures

Answer 20

fractures caused by weakened bone tissue

Question 21

pressure injury

Answer 21

inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence

Question 22

range of motion

Answer 22

range of movement of a joint from max extension to max flexion as measured in degrees of a circle

Question 23

renal calculi

Answer 23

calcium stones in the renal pelvis

Question 24

shear

Answer 24

the force exerted against the skin while the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move

Question 25

thrombus

Answer 25

an accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors, and the cellular elements of the blood attached to the interior wall of a vein or artery, which sometimes occludes the lumen of the vessel

Question 26

trochanter roll

Answer 26

rolled towel support placed against the hips and upper leg to prevent external rotation of the legs

Question 27

urinary stasis

Answer 27

retention of the urine in the bladder; condition frequently caused by a temporary loss of muscle function

Question 28

venous thromboembolism

Answer 28

blood clot forms in the vein

Question 29

Virchow triad

Answer 29

1) damage to the vessel wall
2) alterations of blood flow
3) alterations in blood constituents