Activity

Question 1

____ is the lateral movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. Example: A person kicking their leg out to their side.

Answer 1

Abduction

Latin word origin:
ab = away
duct = to lead

Question 2

____ is the lateral movement of a body part toward the midline of the body. Example: After a person kicks their leg out to the side of the body, they bring it back to their body.

Answer 2

Adduction

Latin word origin:
ad = toward
duct = to lead

Question 3

What is an flexion range of motion?

Answer 3

The state of being bent. Example: Planter flexion is flexion of the foot, like when footdrop occurs due to the feet not being supported. (Footdrop means the foot is unable to maintain itself in the perpendicular position, resulting in difficulty walking.) When a person is laying in the bed for a long period of time, gravity naturally pulls the feet into planter flexion.

Question 4

What is dorsiflexion?

Answer 4

Bending the hand or foot up. Example: A person’s foot is in dorsiflexion when the toes are brought up as though to point them at the knee.

Latin word origin:
dorsi = back
flex = to bend

Question 5

____ is the loss of active and passive range of motion in a limb due to the permanent shortening of muscles, joints, or soft tissue. This occurs when normally elastic tissues becomes stiff, thus cannot be easily stretched. Example: scaring after a burn or spasticity (increased muscle tone) after a traumatic brain injury.

Answer 5

Contracture

Question 6

____ means the loss of volume of a body issue or organ. For example, this can occur in muscles due to disuse.

Answer 6

Atrophy

Question 7

____ rolls prevents the hips and legs of a bedridden patient from rotating outwards. The rolls are rolled-up blankets or towels placed at the top of the hip to the top of the knee on each side of the patient.

Answer 7

Trochanter rolls

Question 8

A semi-sitting position with the head of bed elevated 60 degrees is called ____. This position promotes lung expansion and cardiac functioning.

Answer 8

Fowler’s Position

High-Fowler’s is 90 degrees, low-Fowler’s is 30 degrees.

Question 9

The ____ position protects the spine. In this position the patient lies flat on their back with the head and shoulders slightly elevated with a pillow (unless contraindicated).

Answer 9

Supine position or dorsal recumbent position

Question 10

The ____ position is a side-lying position that relieves pressure on the scapulae, sacrum, and heels. Variations of this position are the oblique position and Sims’ position.

Answer 10

Lateral position

Question 11

____ is a method of turning patients when trying to keep the spine in alignment. Two persons turn the patient as a unit; a third person my be needed to help with the head.

Answer 11

Log rolling

Question 12

Name one consequence immobility has on the body?

Answer 12

Decreased breathing, acid-base imbalances, postural hypo-tension, increased risk of thrombi due to bone demineralization, muscle atrophy, decreased flexibility… use it or lose it… immobility worsens ability to regain mobility.