ACTIVITY 1: THE MICROSCOPE Flashcards by CherryAnn Decrito

How much larger an object appears under a scope than it actually is.

Magnification

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Ocular magnify

10X

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Rendering of details. light is the limiting factor. The light of the scope allows resolution of 0.2 µm.

RESOLUTION

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The distance through which you can move the specimen and still have it in focus the higher, the magnification the closer the objective is the slide, and so the __________ decreases ,this requires a more delicate technique.

Depth of field

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The part of the microscope or generally classified into three

These are the : magnifying, illuminating and mechanical parts

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This is the classification of microscope, are those that enlarge the image of the object being examined

Magnifying parts

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It provides reflect or regulate light, it is one of the classification of the microscope.

illuminating parts

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Eid in adjustment and provides support to the microscope or parts of the microscope. It is one of the classification of the microscope.

Mechanical parts

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Binocular school there are two ocular lenses, one for each eye.

NOTE:
The power of the ocular lens multiplied by the objective lens gives the total magnification of the micros

Ocular lens or eye piece

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It holds the ocular in place

Body tube

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It is a circular lead with four objective lenses that can be rotated into position for different magnifications.

NOTE:
Always rotate this by holding the outside never push on the lens barrel .

Revolving nosepiece

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It has four separate lenses that magnify the image (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x)

Objective lenses

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It is used for initial location of the specimen

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It is used for observing specimens that don’t need greater magnification

10x

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It is used for specimens requiring greater magnification

40x

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It is used for magnification of extremely small specimens such as bacterial cells. It must immerse in oil, so it is called the

High oil objective/ 100x

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It is a platform just below the objective. It has a hole so that light can pass through the specimen from below.

Mechanical stage

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Clip to hold the slide on the stage

Stage clip

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It is the light source

Lamp

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It is used to adjust the brightness of the light eliminating this specimen, which is crucial for maintaining visibility as the magnification changes and affects the brightness

Switch and light intensity knob

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All that concentrates or directs the light onto the slide

Condenser

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I love her or rotating disk that adjust the amount of light eliminating the slide

Iris diaphragm

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Support for the upper portion of the scope it also serves as a convenient carrying handle

Arm

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Rapid control, which allows for quick focusing removing the objective lens or stage up and down it is used for initial focusing

Coarse adjustment knob

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Slow but precise control used to find focus that image when viewing at the higher magnification

Fine adjustment knob

Here are some important rules to remember in proper handling of the microscope

1. Carry the microscope by grasping the curve arm with one hand and supporting the beast with the other arm always use both hands. The microscope should always be held upright. 2. Put the microscope down gently under the laboratory table please its 5 to 10 cm away from the edge of the table. 3. Never touch the lenses with your fingers. All marks blurred images. 4. Start to the low power objective to see the general view of the specimen. 5. With wet mount always use a covers sleep, and do not tilt the microscope. 6. when rotating the objectives always make sure that they do not come in contact with the stage or slide 7. Keep both eyes open when peeping through the eyepiece so as to avoid eyes strain. 8. Never force part of the microscope to move if you encounter difficulty call the instructor for help. 9. If lenses of the eyepiece and objectives are cloudy wipe them gently with a piece of lens paper. 10. Inspect the microscope before and after use report any missing or damage part before returning them into the stockroom . rotate the to the nosepiece so that low power objective is in position.

All microscope observations begin with the

Scanning (4x)

Three reasons for beginning scanning objectives these are :

1. The lower the power, the easier to focus. 2. The lower, the power, the greater the field area of view. 3. Once the object has been found at scanning power with the coarse adjustment knob, there is no need to change the course adjustment again even after switching to another objective all further focusing is done with a fine adjustment knob.

It is considered the basic unit of living organisms

Cells

When did Robert Hooke discovered the cell?

1665

He observed a piece of bottle cork under compound microscope in noticed. Minuscule structures that reminded him of small rooms.

Robert Hooked

Anton Van lune Hook examine cells with a _________compound microscope. This time he had observed that the cells were motile or moving in someway.

Higher magnification

It protects the outside surface of the body as part of the skin and cover the organs and body cavities within.

Epithelial cells

It protects the outside surface of the body as part of the skin and cover the organs and body cavities within.

Epithelial cells

It is to provide support for the body

Bone cells

It’s also called the cell membrane has many functions with the most basic one is to find the burgers of the cell and keep the cell functional

Plasma membrane

Is selectively permeable this means this allows some materials to freely enter or leave the cell well other materials cannot move freely, but required the use of a specialized structure and occasionally even energy investment for crossing.

Plasma membrane

The movement of materials through a membrane without energy

Passive transport

It is the movement of materials from high concentration to low concentration

Diffusion

It is the diffusion of water through a membrane

Osmosis

It is the diffusion of water through a membrane

Osmosis

The process of using energy to move materials through a membrane

Active transport

Some of the yell like sugar or salt or too big to float through a membrane instead, the cell needs energy to move the molecule through a protein what type of energy it is?

Atp

It is the process of distributing genetic material

mitosis

Mitosis what name in the late 19 century by_______________, and noticed tread like structure in cells during cell division

Walther Flemming

Is an essential in anatomy for precisely describing the locations and relationships of the body structure is standard. We indicate positions and orientations to other body parts.

Directional terms

It provides standardized way to describe and locate specific organs instructors within the abdomen

Abdominal regions

What are the four quadrants?

Right upper quadrant left upper quadrant right lower quadrant left lower quadrant.

What are the nine regions?

Right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypochondriac Right lumbar , umbilical region, left lumbar Right iliac , hypogastric region, left iliac

It serves as imaginary flat surfaces use to visualize and describe anatomical structures from various perspective

Anatomical planes and sections

It is the critical component of human anatomy, comprising the skin, hair, nails, and associated glands.

Integumentary System

It is the outermost layer. It provides a tough waterproof, barrier through its stratified squamous epithelium..

Epidermis

It houses connective tissues, blood vessels, and nerve endings supporting and nourishing epidermis well contributing to skin, elasticity, and strength

Dermis

It acts as a cushion, absorbing shocks and insulating the body.

Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer

It is composed primarily of keratin, contribute to protection and sensory functions.

Hair and nails

It regulate moisture and temperature

Glands such as sebaceous and sweat glands

This layer consist of area and adipose tissues deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin

Hypodermis

This layer consist of area and adipose tissues deep to the dermis, but not part of the skin

Hypodermis

The superficial thinner portion of the skin, which is composed epithelial tissue.

Epidermis

The superficial thinner portion of the skin, which is composed epithelial tissue.

Epidermis

The deeper,thicker connective tissue portion of the skin.

Dermis

Is the superficial portion of the hair which projects above the surface of the skin?

Hair shaft

The portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates in to dermis.

Hair root

Surrounds the root of the hair

Hair follicle

A bundle of smooth muscle cells that contracts under physiological or emotional stress causes goosebumps

Arrector pili

Gland or glands that are absent in the palms and soles

Sebaceous gland

Gland or glands that are absent in the palms and soles

Sebaceous gland

The excretory duck of these sweat plant ends as a poor at the surface of the epidermis and they are distributed throughout the skin

Eccrine sweat glands

The excretory duck of these sweat plant ends as a poor at the surface of the epidermis and they are distributed throughout the skin

Eccrine sweat glands

The excretory duct of this sweat gland opens into her follicles causes by the odor

Apocrine sweat glands

The excretory duct of this sweat gland opens into her follicles causes by the odor

Apocrine sweat glands

Oval sheep, vibration, receptors that are sensitive to pressure also called lamellated corpuscle

Pacinian corpuscles

It just made up of bone cartilage ligaments. It provides a protection and support for internal organs, serves as fulcrum for muscle action, responsible for blood cell production, and acts is a reservoir for calcium and phosphorus.

Skeletal system

The adult skeleton is comprise of how many bones

206 bones

How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones

How many bones are there in the appendicular skeleton?

126 bones

How many bones are there in axial?

Critical components in the human musculoskeletal system, facilitating movement and providing structural support.

Joints or articulation

Joints can be classified into 3 main categories:

Fibrous Cartilagenous Synovial

Offer minimal movement but significant stability such as sutures in the skull

Fibrous joint

Offer minimal movement but significant stability such as sutures in the skull

Fibrous joint

Found between the vertebrae. Allow for limited movement while providing cushioning and flexibility

Cartilaginous joints

The most versatile type, characterized by a fluid filled joint cavity that enables a broad range of motion including hinge, ball and socket and pivot movements

Synovial joints

Back and forth and side to side between flat surfaces of bone

Gliding

The convex surface of one bone fits into the concave surface of another bone.

Hinge

Articulates with a ring formed partly another bone and partly by ligaments

Pivot

Ball like surface of one bone fitting into a cup like depression of another bone.

Ball and socket

Convex oval shaped fits into oval shaped

Condyloid

Have two concave surfaces that articulate with one another

Saddle

Decreases angle between 2 body parts; increase the angle

Flexion and extension

Decreases angle between 2 body parts; increase the angle

Flexion and extension

Moves a body part away from the mild;one of the body; moves it closer to the midline

Abduction and adduction

Moves a body part away from the mild;one of the body; moves it closer to the midline

Abduction and adduction

Turning body part around its own axis. Ex. Turning head from side to side.

Rotation

Turning body part around its own axis. Ex. Turning head from side to side.

Rotation

Circular movement that involves sequential flexion, abduction, and adduction, creating cone-shaped motion.

Circumduction

Circular movement that involves sequential flexion, abduction, and adduction, creating cone-shaped motion.

Circumduction

Raises body part; lowers body part

Elevation and depression

Raises body part; lowers body part

Elevation and depression

Specific to the thumb, involves moving the thumb to touch the tips of the other fingers; return to the normal position

Opposition and reposition