activists

Question 1

What was Ida B. Wells’ aim?

Answer 1

Expose lynching

Question 2

What were the positives of Wells’ campaign?

Answer 2

One of the founders of the NAACP (long term impact)

Question 3

What were the negative aspects of Wells’ campaign?

Answer 3

Mostly only had a short term impact

Question 4

What did Homer Plessy do?

Answer 4

1. Protested against violation of his 13th and 14th Amendment rights
2. Refused to give up seat in carriage
3. Led to Plessy vs. Ferguson case

Question 5

What was the impact of Plessy’s court case?

Answer 5

1. Separate by equal ruling’
2. Legalised segregation
3. Ruling may have inspired formation of NAACP, along with the Niagara Movement

Question 6

What did Frederick Douglass campaign for?

Answer 6

1. Equal citizenship and freedom for all slaves
2. Wanted AAs to have the right to vote
3. Denounced lynching, disfranchisement and segregation in his newspaper ‘The North Star’

Question 7

What impact did Douglass have?

Answer 7

Played a role in AAs gaining the vote (long term)

Question 8

What did Booker T. Washington do?

Answer 8

1. Encouraged and trained AAs to be economically independent
2. Tried to move AAs away from sharecropping

Question 9

What impact did Washington have?

Answer 9

1. Fought with NAACP and Niagara Movement. Therefore, CR movement left disjointed and was less effective
2. Influenced others and was similar to MLK

Question 10

How was Washington similar to Martin Luther King Jr?

Answer 10

1. They were both criticized for working with white supporters
2. Both criticized by more radical movements

Question 11

What did W.E.B Du Bois do?

Answer 11

1. Was an advocate of Pan-Africanism
2. Founded the Niagara Movement
3. Disagreed with Washington

Question 12

When was the Niagara Movement founded?

Answer 12

1905

Question 13

What is Pan-Africanism?

Answer 13

The political union of native Africans

Question 14

What impact did Du Bois have?

Answer 14

1. Niagara Movement pressed for more radical change (short-lived)
2. Alienated workers due to belief that an elite group should lead AAs to equality

Question 15

What did Marcus Garvey do?

Answer 15

1. Was an advocate for the complete separation of AAs and whites

Question 16

How did Garvey go about achieving his aims?

Answer 16

1. Black Star Line in 1919: intended to trade with Africans worldwide
2. Universal Negro Improvement Association in 1914 (UNIA) dedicated to promoting black pride and economic self-sufficiency

Question 17

What impact did Garvey have?

Answer 17

1. Financially impossible for most AAs to return to Africa like he encouraged- alienated support
2. Had large number of followers but was unable to implement reform

Question 18

What did Martin Luther King Jr. do?

Answer 18

1. Was an advocate for equality and integration
2. Wanted white cooperation
3. Formed Southern Christian Leadership Conference
4. One of the only leaders to achieve significant reform

Question 19

What impact did King have?

Answer 19

1. March on Washington led to Civil Rights Act the following year (long term)
2. Did not achieve higher level of awareness among AAs, unlike Garvey and Malcolm X
3. Criticized by some for working with white supporters and president.

Question 20

When was the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) formed?

Answer 20

1957

Question 21

What did the SCLC do?

Answer 21

It aimed to unite Southern churches in order to progress the civil rights movement in the South. White supremacists found it difficult to attack group because of its Christian background.

Question 22

What did Malcolm X do?

Answer 22

1. Advocated the use of violence to gain equality
2. Promoted pride and identity among AAs

Question 23

What impact did Malcolm X have?

Answer 23

1. Huge influence on the Black Power movement (long term)
2. Had a less coherent strategy so was not as effective as MLK