Active Transport Flashcards
Goes over the fundamentals of active transport.
What is active transport?
The moving of molecules from an area of LOWER concentration to an area of HIGHER concentration USING ENERGY. (LOW-HIGH, USES ENERGY).
What is passive transport?
The moving of molecules from an area of HIGHER concentration to an area of LOWER concentration WITHOUT USING ENERGY. Goes until EQUILIBRIUM is reached. (HIGHER-LOWER, NO ENERGY USED).
What are the three examples of active transport?
Protein Pumps -> Proteins force molecules across membrane.
Endocytosis -> Brings substances INTO the cell. (INTO).
Exocytosis -> Allows substances to EXIT the cell. (EXIT).
What are the three examples of passive transport?
Diffusion -> Movement of ANY molecule. (ANY).
Facilitated Diffusion -> Movement of LARGE molecules from high to low through a CHANNEL protein. (CHANNEL).
Osmosis -> Movement of ONLY WATER through a MEMBRANE. (ONLY WATER, MEMBRANE).
What kind of energy does active transport use?
ATP Energy.
Endocytosis is the ingestion of large particles (such as bacteria) and the uptake of fluids or macromolecules. What are the two types of endocytosis?
Pinocytosis -> cell “drinking” -> Example: Absorb nutrients in the gut.
Phagocytosis -> cell “eating” -> Example: Immune defenses.
What does the EN in endocytosis mean?
Enter.
What does the EX in exocytosis mean?
Exit.
When does exocytosis occur?
When the cell exports molecules such as lipids or proteins.
To get rid of waste or a toxin.
What are nerve cells called?
Neurons.
What kind of communication is done between neurons?
Cell-to-cell communication.
How is cell-to-cell communication done?
Electrical signals are sent from the dendrites of one cell, down the cell’s axon, across the axon terminal, and onto the nearby muscle cell/fiber.
What are the electrical signals in cell-to-cell-communication called?
Action potentials.
What do protein pumps do?
Transports molecules and ions from low to high concentration across the cell membrane.
What kind of charge does the inside of the cell have?
A negative charge.
