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Pharmacology Final > Active substances > Flashcards

Active substances Flashcards

1
Q

Topic 9: Sedato Hypnotics

A

Alpha 2 agonist
-(Clonidine)
-Xylazine
-Detomidine
-Medetomidine
-Dexmedetomidine
-Romifidine
-Anxiolytics (minor Tranquilisers)

Alpha 2 antagonists
-atipamezole
-Yohimbine& Tolazoline

Benzidiazepines
-Diazepam
-Midazolam
-Alprazolam (XANAX)
-Propandiol derivatives (meprobamate)

Barbiturates
-Phenobarbital

Others include alcohol, aldehydes, Br-, Mg2+, salts, antihistamines, antidepressants, melatonin, Pheromones

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2
Q

Topic 12: Opioids, anti NGF monoclonal antibodies

A

Morphine (+acepromazine comb.)
Fentanyl (Sufentanil, Remifentanil)
Tramadol
Buprenorphine
Butorphanol
Naloxone

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3
Q

Topic 16: General Anaesthesia, Inhalational Anaesthetics

A

Inorganic
-N2O, Xenon Gas

Organic
-Chloroform
-Halothane
-Isoflurane
-Desflurane
-Sevoflurane
-Methoxyflurane

only N2O is analgesic

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4
Q

Topic 15: General Anaesthesia, Injectable Anaesthetics

A

Barbiturates
-Pentobarbital
-Methorexital
-Thiopental

Steroid Anaethetics
-Alfadalone& Alfaxolone= Althesin

Imidazole
-Etomidate

NMDAr Antagonists, Dissociative Anaesthetics
-Ketamine
-Tiletamine

Other
-Propofol
-Tricaine MEthanesulfonate

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5
Q

Topic 10: Amticonvulsants, Antiepileptics

A

Phenobarbital
Potassium Bromide PB
Levetiracetam
Imepitoin
Gabapentin
Diazepam, Midazolam

Status epilepticus
-diazepam or midazolam
phenobarbital or pentobarbital
propofol
isoflurane

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6
Q

Topic 11: Antidepressants, behaviour modifiers

A

Neuroleptics
Phenothiazine
-Acepromazine
Benzodiazapine
-Diazepam
-Alprazolam
-Lorazepam
-Midazolam
MAOi (mono amine Oxidase inhibitors)
-Selegiline
Selective seotonin Reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)
-Fluoxetine
-Sertraline
Tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)
-Clomipramine
-Amitriptyline
Other drugs
-Mirtazapine
-Zylkene
-other natural substances (DAP, calming food, tryptophan, alpha theanine etc. catnip?

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7
Q

Topic 13: Local anaesthetics

A

Esters
-Procaine
-Chloroprocaine
-Oxybuprovaine
-Tetracaine
-Benzocaine
-Cocaine

Amides
-Lidocaine
-Ropivacaine
-Bupivacaine
-Mepivacaine
-Prilocaine

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8
Q

Topic 27: Pharmacology of cardiac contractility: digitalis glycosides, phosphodiesterase inhibitors

A

Positive Inotropic Drugs
Acute heart failure
-Epinephrine
-Dobutamine
-Dopamine

Chronic Heart Failure
Digitalis Glycosides
-Digoxin
Pimobendan/PDE inhibitors
-Pimobendan

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9
Q

Topic 28: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, vasoactive agents

A

ACE Inhibitors
-Captopril
-Enalapril
-Ramipril
-Benazepril
-Lisinopril

Angiotensin 2 Receptor Antagonists
-Telmisartin
-Valsartan
-Losartan

Vasodilators
Ca2+ channel blockers
-Dihydropyridines, Amlodipine
-Non-dihydropyridines, Verapamil, Diltiazem
Organic Nitrates
-Nitroglycerin

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10
Q

Topic 26: Antiarrhythmic drugs

A

Quinidine
Procainamide
Lidocaine
Mexiletine

Solatolo
Amiodarone

Amlodipine
nifedipine

Diltiazem
Verapamil

Digoxin

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11
Q

Topic24: Bronchodilators, respiratory anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Bronchodilators
-Adrenaline
-Isoproterenol
-Ephedrine
-Beta 2 agonist
-salbutamol
-terbutaline
-clenuterole

Anticholinergic substances
-Atropine
-Glycopyrolate
-Ipratropium

Xanthine derivatives
-caffeine
-Theophylline
-Theobromine

respiratory anti inflammatory drugs
-fluticasone
-beclomethasone
-dexmethasone
-Na chromoglycate
-nedocromil

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12
Q

Topic 32: Emetic and antiemetic agents, prokinetic drugs

A

Emetics
-Apomorphin
-Ropinirol
-Xylazine

Peripheral Emetics
-syrup of ipecacuanha
-H2O2

Antiemetics
Phenothiazines
-Acepromazine
-Chlorpromazine
-Proprionylpromazine
-prometazine

Dompanime antagonists
-Metoclopramide
-Domperidone

Serotonin Antagonists
-Ondasetron
-Dolasetron

Antihistamines
-dimehydrinate
-diphenhydramine

Neurokinin
-Maropitant-citrate

Prokinetics
-Metoclopramide Domperidone
-cisapride
-Prukaloprid
-Ranitidine

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13
Q

Topic 34: Laxatives and antidiarrheals, appetite stimulants

A

Stimulant Laxatives
-Ricinus
-Phenolopthalein
-Bisacodyl
-Emodin
-Docusate

Osmotic Laxative
-Na2SO4
-MgSO4
-Na-citrate
-Lactulose

Colloidal Laxative
-COrnmeal (pumpkin)
Coating Agents
-Liquid Paraffin
Other phosphate salt etc.

Antidiarrheals
-activated charcoal
-kaolin
-Montmorillonit
Adstringents
-Bismuth Salts
-Tannic Acid
Motility Modifiers
-Atropine
Morphine derivatives
-diphenoxylate
-loperamide

Appetite Stimulkants
-B-vitamins
Anabolic steroids
-nandrolone
-Stanozolole
Benzodiazapines
-Diazepam
Cyproheptadin
Propofol
Mirtazapine

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14
Q

Topic 33: Pharmacology of the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers

A

Antacid:
systemic
-NaHCO3
Non systemic
-MgO
-CaCO3
-AlOH3

H2 Antagonists
-CImitidine
-Ranitidine
-Famotidine
PRoton Pump Inhibitors
-Omeprazole
-Pantoprazole
Coating AGents
-Sucralfate
PGE-Analogues
-Misoprostole

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15
Q

Topic 35: Pharmacology of liver protection

A

Cholagogues
cholekinetics
-MgSO4
-Mint or tumeric
Cholerretics
-Ursodeoxycholic acid, Ursodiol
-Clanbutin Menbutone

Hepatoprotectives
-silymarin/silibinin

Lipoptropic agents
-choline, methionine
-SAMe

Chelators
-D-penicillamine

others
-glucose, fructose
-NAC
-Vitamin E, c Selenium

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16
Q

Topic 29: Diuretics

A

Cardial Diuretics
-Digoxin
-xanthine derivatives
-ACE inhibitors

Osmotic diuretics
-mannitol
-glycerine

Carbohydrase Inhibitors
-acetazolamide
-DOrzolamide
-Brinzolamide

Loop diuretics
-Furosemide
-Torsemide

Thiazides
-Chlorothiazide
-Hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium sparing diuretics
-Spirinolactone

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17
Q

Topic 36: Pharmacology of hypothalamic and pituitary hormones

A

Hormones of Adenohypophysis
Somatotropin
Coritcotropin
Thyrotropin
Gonadotropin
-FSH
-LH
Hormones of the Neurohypophysis
-Antidiuretic
-Oxytocin

Sermirelin
Samatran
Octreotide, Lanreotide
Cabergoline
Pegvisomant

Corticootropin
-tetracosactride, COsyntropin
-CRH

Thyrotropin

Antidiuretic Hormones
ADH
Vasopressin
Desmopressin
Chlorapromide
Thiazide DIuretics

Conivaptan
Tolvaptan, Lixivaptan

Oxytocin

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18
Q

Topic 41: Insulin and other antidiabetic drugs

A

Insulin
-Crystalline Zinc, regular insulin
-insulin zinc suspension
-protamine sinz insulin
-isophane Insulin
-Surfen Insulin

Oral antidiabetics
-sulphonylurea
-glinides
-Biguanides
-Thiazolidine Diones
-Acarbose

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19
Q

Topic 40: Pharmacology of adrenal cortex diseases – Cushing’s syndrome, Addison’s disease

A

Aldosterone
Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP)
FLuticortisone Acetate

Bromocriptine
Cyproheptadine HCL

Ketoconazole
Mitotane
Trilostane

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20
Q

Topic 39: Pharmacology of thyroid hormones

A

MIT
DIT
MIT+DIT= T3
DIT+DIT=T4
T3, T4
TSH, TBG

Levothyroxin

Iodine
131I Isotope
Thiouracils
Propylthiouracil
Thiomazole, Methimazole
Carbamazole

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21
Q

Topic 37: Pharmacology of drugs influencing reproductive functions: GnRH analogues,
gonadotropins, progestagens

A

Gonadorelin
BUserelin
Ferirelin
Deslorelin
Lecirelin

Melatonin
FSH/LH

Pregnant Mare equine serum Gonadotroppin PMSG Equine Chorion gonadotropin eCG

Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin hCG

synthetic analogues prostagglandins
-alfaprosterol
-PGF 2alpja dinoprost
-cloprostenol
-Luprostiol
-Etiproston

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22
Q

Topic 38: Pharmacology of drugs influencing reproductive functions: estrogens, androgens,
prostaglandins

A

Oestrogen
Oestradiol Benzonate

Stilbenes (Diethylstilbestrol, Hexoestrol)
Zeranol

Anastrozole, Letrozole
Tamoxifen
Raloxifen
Clomiphene

First gen. Gestagens
-Medroxy Progesterone
-Fluorogestone Acetate
-Norgestomet
-Proligestone and Megestrol Acetate
-altrenogest
-Melengestrol acetate

Androgens
-andriol capsule
-retandrol
-seroral tablet

anabolic steroid
-stanozolele
-metandienone
-Nandrolone

anti androgens

-ciproterone
-demadinon
-finasteride

23
Q

Topic 42: Pharmacology of drugs affecting uterus muscle function

A

Uterine stimulatin agents
-oxytocin
Carbectocin

Prostaglandins
-PGE2, PGF2alpha
-dinoprost
-cloprostenol
Ergot alkaloids
-ergotamides
-ergometrines
-ergotoxins

Beta2 adrenoreceptor agonists
-clenbuterol
-terbutaline

-vetrabutin
-denaverine

-proquamezine

parasympatholytics
-atropine
-homotropine

Aminoperazine

24
Q

Topic 30: Pharmacology of haemostasis and thrombosis

A

Antiplatelet agents
COX inhibitors
-Acetylsailicic Acid, Aspirin
ADP receptor inhibitors
-Clopidogrel
Anticoagulants
-Vitamin K anatagonists
–Warfarin
–Heparin
-THrombolytic agents
–Strptokinase
-Anticvoagulants inhibitors
–Protamine
–Etamsylat

25
Q

Topic 31: Treatment of anaemia

A

Erythropoitin
-Epoetin alpha rhEPO-alpha
-Eprex
-Darbepoetin

26
Q

Topic 21. Antihistamines, leukotriene receptor antagonists

A

1st generationAntihistamines
Ethyenediamines
-CHloropyramine
-Chlorpheniramine
Ethanolamine
-RACEMIC MIX
-DIphenhydramine
-Dimenhydrinate
Phenothiazines
-promethiazine
Piperazine
-Hydroxine
others
-Dimetindene
-Cyproheptadine

2nd Generation
-Loratadine
-Cetirizine
-Levoceterizine

PLA2inhibitors
-gcc
-lox inhibitors
-zileuton
Leukotriene receptor antagonist
Zafirlukast
montelukast

27
Q

Topic 22: JAK inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies

A

Jak inhibitors
oclacitinib

Monoclonal antibodies
Lokivetmab

28
Q

Topic 19: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Acidic substances
sallicylates
-acetylsalycic Acid
-Na Salicylate
-Sulfasalazine, mesalazine
Arilpropionic Acids
-ketoprofen
-vedaprofen
-Carprofen

Anthranilic Acids
-Flunixin Meglumine
-Tolfenamic Acid

Butyl Pyrazolidines
-Phenylbutazone

Oxicams
-Piroxicam
-Meloxicam

non acidic substances
aniline derivatives
-paracetamol
pyrazolones
-Metamizole sodium

Coxibs
-deracoxib
-Firocoxib
-Robenacoxib
-Cimicoxib
-Mavacoxib
-celecoxib
-enfliocoxib

29
Q

Topic 20: Glucocorticoids

A

Short Acting
-cortisol
-cortisone
middle acting
-prednisolone
-prednison
-methylprednisolone
-triamcinolone
long acting
-dexmethasone
-betamethasone
-flumetasone
OTHER
-beclomethasone
-budesonide
-Fluticasone

30
Q

Topic 23: Immunosuppressive drugs

A

Antimetabolite
Purine Analogues
-Azathioprin
-Mycophonolate Mofetil
Pyrimidine Analogues
-Leflunomide
Folic Acid Antagonists
-Methorextate

Calcineuron inhibitors
-cyclosporin
-tacrolimus
-Pimecrolimus

31
Q

Topic 43: Principles of chemotherapy

A
32
Q

Topic 68: Disinfectants – halogen- (iodine and chlorine) containing compounds, biguanides

A

Halogen and Halogen containing compounds
Iodine
-iodine tincture
-strong iodine tincture
-Iodine solution
-lugols solution
- iodine glycerol solution
-inophores (providone iodine)

Chlorine containing
inorganic chlorides
-sodium hypochloride solutions BLEACH
-Calcium hypochlorite
-chlorinated lime
Organic chlorides
-Chloramine T
Chloramine B

Biguanides
-Chlorhexidine
CHlorhexidine soaps and alcohol mixtures
1%chlorhexidine acetate ointment
4% emulsion chlorhexidine gluconate

33
Q

Topic 69. Disinfectants – acids, alkalies, aldehydes, alcohols, surfactants

A

Acids
weak organic acids
acetic acid, lactic acid

Alkalis
-OH-
-2% soda lye
-Calcium Oxide

Aldehydes alkylating reducing agents
-formaldehyde
-Glutaraldehyde
-Formalin
-Glutaral

Sukphur DIoxide

alcohols
-Ethyl alcohol
-isopropanol
-Polyalcohols (glycols

Surfactants
-Benzalkonium chloride
-Brodophen
-Didecyldimethylammonium Bromide
-dioctyldimethylamoonium Bromide

Hexachlorophene

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP)

Metals+Silver+Dyes

34
Q

Topic 44: Penicillins

A

Narrow spectrum penicillins
-Benzylpenicillin (Na, K, Procaine, Benzathine,
-phenxymethyl penicillin
Penicillinase stable penicillins
acid sensitive
-Methicillin
Acid resitant
-oxacillin
-cloxacillin
-Dicloxacillin
-Flucloxacillin
Broad Spectrum Penicillins
-Ampicillin
-Amoxicillin
PEnicillins against PSEUDOMONAS SPP.
-Peperacillin+Tazobactam
-Ticarcillin
-Carbenicillin

35
Q

Topic 45: Cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems

A

1st generation
Oral
-Cephalexine
-Cephadroxil
Parenteral
-Cephapirin
-Cephacetril
-Cephalotin
-Cephazoline

2nd generation
Oral
-Cephuroxime Axetil
-Cephaclor
Parenteral
-Cephuroxime
-cephotetan
-cephoxitin

3rd generations
oral
-Cephixime
parenteral
-cephoperazone
-cephtazidime
-cephtiofur
-cephovecin
-cephotaxime, Cephtriaxone

4th generation
parenteral
-Cephquinome

Monobactams
-Aztreonam
-Tigemonam

Carbapenem
-Meropenem
-imipenem +(cilastatin)
-Etrapenam
-Doripenam

36
Q

Topic 46: Aminoglycosides

A

Streptomycin
Neomycin
Gentamycin
Spectinmycin
Aprmycin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
Paromomycin

37
Q

Topic 47: Tetracyclines

A

Oxytetracycline
Chlortetracycline
DOxyclycline
Minocycline
Tetracycline
Demeclocycline

38
Q

Topic 49: Macrolides

A

Erythromycin
Spiramycin
Tylosin
Tilmicosin
Tylvalosin
Tulathromycin
Gamithromycin
Tildipirosin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin

39
Q

Topic 48: Phenicols

A

CHloramphenicol
Tiamphenicol
Florphenicol

40
Q

Topic 50. Lincomycins, pleuromutilins

A

Lincosamides
-Lincomycin
-CLindamycine

Pleuromutalins
-Tiamulin
-Valnemulin

41
Q

Topic 53: Polypeptide antibiotics, rifampicin

A

1st gen.
-Vancomycin
-Teicoplanin
-Ramoplanin

2nd Gen.
-Oritavancin
-Telavancin

RIFAMYCIN
RIFAMPICIN
RIFABUTIN
RIFAMIXIN

Mupirocin

Polymyxin B,E,M

Bacitracin Zn

42
Q

Topic 55. Sulfonamides and diaminopyrimidines

A

Sulphonamides
LOCAL
-Sulfacetamide
-Mafenide
-Silver sulfadiazine
-Sulfathiazine
-Sulfaguandine

SYSTEMIC
-Sulphadimidine
-Sulfachlorpyridazine
-Sulfadozine
-Sulfadiazine
-Sulfamethoxasole
-Sulfaquinoxaline
-Sulfachlorpyrazine
-Sulfasalazine

-sulfadimethoxine
-Sulfamethoxypyrazine

2,4 Diaminopyrimidine (DAP)
-Trimethoprim
-Diaveridine
-Pirimethamin
-Ormethoprim

Aditoprim
Baquiloprim

43
Q

Topic 51: Fluoroquinolones

A

1st Gen
-Nalidixic Acid
2nd Gen
-Flumequine
-Nofloxacin
-Ciprofloxacin
-Enrofloxacin
-Danofloxacin
-Difloxacin
-Marbofloxacin
3rd Gen
-Levofloxacin
-Sparfloxacin
4th Gen
-Pradofloxacin
-Moxifloxacin

44
Q

Topic 66: Anticoccidial agents (coccidiostats)

A

Inophores
-Monensin
-Lasalocid
-Salinomycin
-Narasin
-Maduramicin
-Semduramicin

Sulphonamides
-Sulphaquinoxaline
-sulphachlorpyrazine

Triazine derivatives
-Toltrazuril
-Diclazuril
-Clazuril
-clopidol

Amprolium

Chemophylaxis
-Decoquinate
-Halofuginone
-Nicarbazin
-Robenidine
-Aprinocid

45
Q

Topic 67: Anti-protozoal agents (except coccidiostats)

A

Clindamycin
Sulfadiazine+ pyrimethamin

Phenamidine
Imidocarb
Amicarbalide
Tetracycline

Nifursol
Furasolidone

Metronidazole
Ronidazole
Tinidazole

Nitarsone, Roxarsone
Fenbendazol, albendazole, Febentel

Paromycin
Sodium Stibogluconate
Megluimine
Antimoniate

Amphoteracin B
Miltefosine

Homidium Bromide, CHloride

Isometamidium

Quinapyramine Chloride, Sulphate

Suramin

Diaminzene

46
Q

Topic 60: Anthelmintics – benzimidazoles, imidazothiazoles, isoquinoline derivatives

A

Benzimidazoles
-Thiabendazole
-Cambendazole

-mebendazole
Oxibendazole
-albendazole
-fenbendazole
-oxfendazole
-ricobendazole

-flubendazole
-triclabendazole
-luxabendazole

-febantel
-Netobimin
-Thiophanate

Imidazothizoles
-Tetramisole
-Levamisole

Isoquinolines
-Praziquatel
-Epsiprantel
-Clorsulon
-Monepantel
-Milarsomine
-Piperazines
-Organophosphates

47
Q
  1. Anthelmintics – tetrahydropyrimidines, salicylanilides, substituted phenols, clorsulon,
    emodepside, melarsomine, monepantel
A

Tetrahydropyrimidines
Pyrantel
-CItrate Salt
-Tartrate Salt
-Pamoate
-Embonate
-Morantel
-Oxantel

Salicylandilides
-Brotianide
-Clioxanide
-Closantel
-Oxyclosanide
-Rafoxanide

Substituted Phenols
-Bithionol
-Disophenol
-Hexachlorophene
-Niclofolan
-Menichlofolan
-Nitroxinil

Clorsulon
Emodepside
Melarsomein
Monepantel

48
Q

Topic 65: Endectocidal compounds – macrocyclic lactones

A

Avermectins
-Abamectin
-Doramectin
-Eprinomectin
-Ivermectin
-Selamectin

Milbemycins
-Moxidecton
-Milbemycin Oxime

49
Q

Topic 62: Ectoparasiticides – organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids

A

Organophosphates
-Diazinon
-Coumpaphos
-Phoxim
-Fenthion

Carbamates
-Propoxur

Pyrethroids
1st gen.
-Tetramethrin
2nd gen.
-permethrin
-deltamethrin
-flumethrin

50
Q
  1. Ectoparasiticides – amitraz, fipronil, pyriprole, indoxacarb, neonicotinoids
A

Amitraz
Fipronil
Pzriprole
Indoxzcarb

Neonicotinoid Insecticides
1st. gen.
-Imidacloprid
-Nitenpyram
3rd gen
-dinotefuran

VECTRA 3D spot on AUV

-afoxolaner
sarolaner
furalaner

51
Q

Topic 70: Antifungal agents

A

Terbinafin
Naftifine
Azoles
Ketocanzole
Enilconazole
Clotrimazole, Miconazole, Bifonazole
Triazoles
Itraconazoles
Posaconazoles
Vorizonazoles
Fluconazole

Griseofulvin
Natamycin
Nystatin
Amphotericin B
Lufenurin
FLucytosine
Echinocandins

52
Q

Topic 72: Antiviral agents

A

Acyclovir
Valganciclovir
Ganciclovir
Ciclovir
Famciclovir
Pencoclovir

Idoxuridin
Trifluridin

Vidarabin
Zidovudin
Oseltamivir

53
Q

Topic 71: Antineoplastic agents

A

Antimetabolites
-methorextate
-5-FU
-Cytarabin

Alkylating Agents
-Cyclophosphamide
-Chlorambucil
-Lomustine

Platinum Comp.
-Cisplatin
-Carboplatin

Topoisomerase inhib.
-Doxorubicin
-G2
2Mitoxantrone
Etoposide

Microtubule
-Vinblastine
-Vincristine
-Placitaxel

Pharmacology Final (3 decks)

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