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Network Engineering > Active Recall > Flashcards

Active Recall Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of networks? Briefly describe them.

A

Local Area Network (LANs) = Allow devices to communicate in a limited area such as a house, on campus or in an office.
Metropolitan Area Network = (MANs) = Designed to extend over a city.
Wide Area Network (WANs) = Allows transmission globally.

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2
Q

What does OSI stand for in the OSI model?

A

Open System Interconnection

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3
Q

What are the 7 layers of the OSI model?

A 
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Session layer
Presentation layer
Application layer
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4
Q

What is the physical layer responsible for?

A

Transporting individual bits from one node to the next.

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5
Q

What happens in the datalink layer and what is it responsible for?

A

It packs bit into frames, to distinguish each frame from one another and is responsible for transmitting these frames from one network layer device to the next.

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6
Q

What is the network layer responsible for? Give an example.

A

Responsible for source-to-source destination.
Example: If I want to send a message from my iPhone to another iPhone, the network layer ensures this. (iPhones would be the source of the message)

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7
Q

What is the transport layer responsible for? Give an example.

A

Responsible for process-to-process destination.
Example: If I want to send a message on messenger the transport layer ensure that the message will also be received on messenger and not anther app like WhatsApp.

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8
Q

What is the session layer responsible for?

A

Responsible for dialogue control.

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9
Q

What is the presentation layer responsible for?

A

Responsible for encryption, compression, and translation.

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10
Q

What is the application layer responsible for?

A

Responsible for providing services to end users.

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11
Q

During Hop-to-Hop delivery, what changes?

A

MAC address

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12
Q

What is the MAC address?

A

Is a number that uniquely identifies each device on a network.

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13
Q

What are the 5 layers of TCP/IP?

A 
Physical layer
Datalink layer
Network layer
Transport layer
Application layer
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14
Q

What are the fundamental concepts of the physical layer? Describe them. (There are 3)

A

Channel = Is the communication path between two devices.
Propagation delay = The amount of time it takes for a signal to travel from its source to its destination.
Bandwidth = Amount of information that can be transmitted per unit of time.

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15
Q

What is multiplexing?

A

Allows for simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single data link.

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16
Q

There are three types of multiplexing. Name and describe them.

A

Frequency-Division Multiplexing = Can be applied when the bandwidth of a link is greater than the combined bandwidths of the signals to be transmitted.
Time-Division Multiplexing = Can only be used with a data signal. The usage of high-capacity links is divided into time slots, and each device has a time slot.
Statistical Time-Division Multiplexing = Guarantees the full capacity of a link.

17
Q

What is a circuit switched network? Give an example.

A

Is a network that is done at the physical layer and consists of switches connected by physical links. Because they are connected by physical links, if the sequence of number 12345 was sent, the receiver would also get the same sequence 12345 as the information follows the same path.

18
Q

What is a packet switched network? Give an example.

A

Done at the network layer and these are not connected by physical links. Because of this, if the sequence 12345 was sent, the receiver may receive them in any order such as 2314 because this type of network is a first in first served basis.

19
Q

List 3 types of guided media.

A

Twisted pair cabling
Coaxial cabling
Fiber optical cabling

20
Q

List 3 types of unguided media.

A

Cellular communication
Radio frequency
Satellite communication

21
Q

What is the purpose of cladding in an optic fiber cable?

A

The cladding surrounds the core and reduces the pulse from broadening. The light travelling reflects off the cladding and bounces because the cable wont always be straight. This also provides protection from external noises and is much faster than the other types of guided media.

22
Q

What does the term ‘topology’ mean?

A

The way the network is laid out.

23
Q

What are the 5 categories of topology?

A 
Star
Mesh
Tree
Bus
Ring
24
Q

What does the datalink layer ensure?

A

Ensures reliable delivery between two physically connected devices.

25
Q

What are the 5 services of the datalink layer?

A 
Framing
Access control
Error detection
Error correction
Flow control
26
Q

What does framing mean?

A

In the datalink layer the bits are packed into frames so that they are distinguishable from one another.

27
Q

What is access control?

A

Determines who should have access to the physical layer.

28
Q

What are the two types of error detection? What do they mean?

A

Single-bit errors = When only one bit has changed.

Burst errors = When two or more bits have changed.

29
Q

What are the three types of error detection methods?

A

Parity checking
LRC
CRC

30
Q

What are bridges and switches?

A

Bridges operate at the physical and datalink layers and has a table for filtering forwarding decisions. Switches are essentially a multiport bridge and is a device that is used to link several separate LANs.

31
Q

What is a random access protocol?

A

Any computer can send data at any time.

32
Q

What is a controlled access protocol?

A

Has a central authority telling who goes first, second etc.

33
Q

What is meant by token passing?

A

Is a ring of computers and a special token that keeps circulating the ring. So if a computer wants to send data, it retains the token and converts the token frame into a data frame transmission and sends it.

34
Q

What is the CSMA/CD algorithm?

A
  1. When a device wants to send data, it first listens to the channels. This is to find out whether a frame is currently being transmitted or received.
  2. If no other frame is on the link, send; or if another frame is on the link, wait and then listen again.
  3. While sending the data, listen to the feedback signal for a possible collision.
35
Q

There a three levels of energy, zero, normal and abnormal level. What do each of these mean?

A

Zero = Channel is in idle.
Normal = A station is successfully transmitting a frame.
Abnormal level = There is a collision, the energy level is twice as the normal level.

36
Q

What is the CSMA/CA algorithm?

A
  1. The source sense the channel until it is idle.
  2. Once it finds the idle channel, source waits for a period of time called distributed inter frame space (DIFS).
  3. Then the source sends a control frame to destination called request to send (RTS).
  4. After receiving RTS, destination waits another period of time called short inter frame space (SIFS), then send a control frame called clear to send (CTS) to the source.
  5. The source sends the data after waiting another time equal to SIFS.
  6. The destination sends an ACK after waiting another time equal to SIFS.
37
Q

What is full duplex internet?

A

Data can be sent both ways at the same time.

Network Engineering (1 decks)

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