Active Care Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
What is Articular ROM related to?
A
Paraphysiological Joint Space
2
Q
What is ligament ROM related to?
A
Mobilization
3
Q
Physiological ROM is related to?
A
Active Exervise, and muscle tendon strain
4
Q
What is passive ROM related to?
A
Sprain
5
Q
What is Joint play ROM related to?
A
Adjustments, Manipulation (limit of anatomical integrity) and elastic barrier (firm and giving)
6
Q
What are the Active ROM muscle exercise progression?
A
- Passive (active ROM)
- Passive/Active assisted (active ROM)
- Active (active ROM)
- Active Resisted (active ROM)
7
Q
What is the normal duration for stretching?
A
3 x 15 seconds
8
Q
What is passive ROM?
A
Mobilization
9
Q
what is ballistic movement?
A
dangerous swinging motion
10
Q
What is static stretching (ROM)?
A
elongated to tissue resistance and held
11
Q
What is Cyclic/Intermittent stretching (ROM)?
A
short duration static that is repeated
12
Q
What is mechanical stretching (ROM)?
A
machine implemented
13
Q
What is manual/passive stretching (ROM)?
A
trainer provides stretch and/or resistance
14
Q
What is self/active stretching (ROM)?
A
flexibility exercise
15
Q
What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)?
A
- Hold-relax or contract- relax
- agonist contract
- Hold-relax with agonist contract
16
Q
What is coordination?
A
dynamic ball, wobble, slide board (side to side)
17
Q
What is proprioception?
A
walking on foam, passive movement by therapist
18
Q
What is balance?
A
proprioceptive training in multiple directions, tandem gait, catch, wobble, braid, figure 8, bridge, survivial
19
Q
what is reciprocal?
A
multiple joints, multiple muscles, resistance by adjustable friction (ie stationary bike)
20
Q
what is open chain?
A
free weights, pulleys, weight cable, distal non-fixed
21
Q
what is an open environment?
A
more complex tasks in which objects, supports or surfaces move during activity
22
Q
what is a closed chain?
A
usually weightbearing position, body weight is often resistance (ie pushups, squats, distal-fixed)
23
Q
what is a closed environment?
A
objects or surface tasks are performed on, does not move
24
Q
what is a target heart rate?
A
60-80 percent of maximum heart rate= target rate (220-age x 60%)
25
what is progressive resistance exercise?
to increase resistance in order to strengthen a muscle or group (PRE)
26
Research terms:
reliability, responsiveness, practicality, validity
27
what is reliability?
amount of error
28
what is responsiveness?
change in condition
29
what is practicality?
ease of use
30
what is validity?
accuracy
31
What are the 3 reliable LBP questionnaires?
Oswestry
Roland-Morris
Quebec
32
What are the 3 ADL charts?
Copenhagen (neck)
croft (shoulder)
harris (hip)
33
What is a red flag?
sinister
34
What is a yellow flag?
chronicity (barriers to health)
35
What is Wadell?
Non-organic issues
36
what is SF 12/36 for?
general health
37
what type of system is endurance/aerobics?
slow oxidative
38
What are the components of endurance/aerobic exercise?
```
30-40% load
3 sets (12-14 reps)
ability to resist fatigue
depletes slow and fast twitch muscles
low ATP consumption
high mitochondrial oxidative capacity
low glycolytic capacity
increases red muscle
exercises: walk, bicycle, swim
increase reps and decrease weight
```
39
what type of system is strength/anaerobic?
fast glycolytic
40
what are the components of strength/ anaerobic exercise?
```
70-80% load
2 sets (8-12 reps)
provides resistance in ROM
Resistance will determine rate of muscle development
low speed, high load
high ATP consumption
low mitochondrial oxidative capacity
high glycolytic capacity
increase white muscle
exercises: biceps curls, leg press
decrease reps and increase weight
```
41
what is plyometric exercise?
high stress, and stretch-shortening drills
42
what are the components of plyometrics?
20 times each side
gradually increase speed
medicine ball, jumping, hopping, hanging leg curls
concentric= shortening
rapid eccentric= stretch
** both catching and throwing a medicine ball is plyometrics
43
How would you describe plyometric exercise?
Explosive activity
44
what are the Progression Rules to exercise?
1. unloaded to gravity to loaded
2. simple to complex
3. uniplanar to triplanar
4. isometric to concentric to eccentric
5. slow to fast
6. endurance to strength to power
7. stable to labile (decrease points of support)
8. wide base to naorrow base
9. short arc to full arc
45
what is the order to sensory motor training?
1. stand
2. walk on foam
3. one-leg stand
4. one-leg stand with eyes closed
5. one-leg stand with eyes closed, arms held outward
6. stand on rocker board or wobble board
46
what is Breugger's used for?
breathing exercises and posture used for COPD, aging and AS
47
What is Buerger-Allens used for?
Peripheral vascular disease in the lower extremity
48
What is Harvard step used for?
Endurance (up and down on one step)
49
What is Williams used for?
Flexion exercises for the low back. The patient is instructed to do sit ups with knees flexed, hands in front of chest, while the head and shoulders are lifted off the table. the position is held for 5 minutes. purpose is to help decrease lordosis by strengthening the abdominal muscles.
50
What is Williams beneficial for?
Spondylolisthesis, facet syndrome, increased lumbosacral angle, hyperlordosis,
51
What is the benefit of modified McKenzie's?
acute discs and spinal stenosis
52
What is McKenzie?
extension exercises for low back. purpose is to help increase lordosis by strengthening the paraspinals.
53
What is Mckenzie beneficial for?
Chronic disc and acute lumbar antalgia to "centralize" pain and get patient to neutral position
54
What is McGill?
LBP (core)
1. side bridge
2. bird dog
3. abdominals
55
What are kegals?
exercises for the pelvic floor musculature. Benefits are for incontinence
56
What is codmans/pendular used for?
strengthens the shoulder girdle while eliminating the use of supraspinatus muscle
57
What position is codmans/pendular?
prone
58
What is wall walking?
using fingers to crawl up the wall for shoulder ROM
59
What is yoga used for?
to focus on position and breathing mechanics. beneficial for spinal stability and balance
60
Do isometrics protect joints?
YES
61
What are the benefits of isometrics?
minimal joint irritation, joint maintenance
increased strength, prevents atrophy
no equipment needed
same length, same resistance
62
What is isotonic movement?
strength from rehab
63
how is isotonic movement preformed?
consistent resistance, arc motion
64
is isotonic movement gravity assisted?
YES!
gravity assisted----> gravity resisted
1. concentric (shorten) breath in
2. eccentric (lengthen-neg) most tension and breath out
65
What is isokinetics for?
it refines rehab
66
what does the kinetic chain include?
scapula-thoraco
gleno-humeral
A-C
sternoclavicular
67
What is scapula-thoraco associated with in the kinetic chain?
protraction- rowing
68
What is gleno-humeral associated with in the kinetic chain?
dislocation and axillary nerve compression
69
In the kinetic chain, can A-C include with and without weights?
Yes
70
How does the sternoclavicular joint misalign?
medialward misalignment
71
what part of the kinetic chain does rowing include?
The entire kinetic chain- it rounds the shoulders and flares scaps (Rhomboids)
72
what do corner wall pushups activate?
serratus anterior- related to winging (S-T motion)
73
in the shoulder kinetic chain, what does a painful arc (abduction) indicate?
supraspinatus injury (G-H motion)
74
what muscles does codman's/pendular exercise involve?
ITS only!
Infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
75
what is the normal glenohumeral-scapulothoracic motion?
2:1
76
what is the frozen shoulder ratio?
1:1 (adhesive capsulitis)
77
what is gothic shoulder?
straight shoulders, involves levator scapula
78
what is the motion of supraspinatus?
15-30 degrees abduction
79
what is the motion of infraspinatus?
external rotation
80
what is the motion of teres minor?
external rotation
81
what is the motion of subscapularis?
internal rotation (lesser tubercle)
82
what does bird dog help with?
poor thoracic extension
83
what does breathing depend on?
upper traps, bucket handle motion, shoulder mechanics and thoracic kyphosis
84
what does breugger's test and exercises affect?
breathing in thoracics
85
what does arm overhead test for?
breathing and thoracic mechanics
86
scoliosis is effected by what muscle?
quadratus lumborum
87
how do you strengthen muscles related to scoliosis?
hip hiking, side lying leg off table to stretch
88
how do you perform a wall angel?
stand four inches from the wall facing away from the wall. arms in cactus or "under arrest" position. Dorsum of hand against the wall.
89
What do wall angels help with?
flattening the back, extending thoracics and improves shoulder ROM
90
what muscle do floor angels work?
lower traps
91
what do wall angels work?
upper traps
92
what is hyperlordosis in the lumbars caused by?
weake abdominals
tight paraspinals, psoas
(high heels and boots)
93
anterior pelvic tilt in the lumbars is caused by?
weak hamstrings and gluteus maximus
Tight quadriceps
high heels and boots
94
what is hypolordosis in the lumbars caused by?
tight abdominals
weak paraspinals
Psoas (sandals)
95
what is posterior prevlic tilt caused by?
```
tight hamstrings and gluteus maximus
weak quadriceps (sandals)
```
96
what does the psoas motion include?
increased lordosis and flexes the hip and trunk
97
what is the psoas synergistic to?
abdominals in trunk flexion
98
what is the psoas antagonistic to?
lordosis
99
what does bracing in the lumbars do?
strengthen core muscles by tightening transverse abdominus
100
what is cat-camel?
patient kneels on all fours, hunches then arches their back
101
what are the exercises in quadruped exercises? AKA prone or flexion bridge
Bird dog
cat-camel
dynamic ball under belly
102
How do you perform bird dog?
lifting the opposite leg and arm out straight as if pointing like a hunting dog.
103
How do you perform bridge/ extension quadruped?
lie on floor supine then lift butt off floor
104
what are the modifications to bridge?
double leg bridge- both feet on floor
| single leg bridge- extend one knee out straight
105
how do you perform superman on ball? (back extension)
face down, abdomen over ball and feet braced against the wall. arch head and trunk upward
106
how do you perform deadbug?
lie on back supine with right leg straight, left knee bent, floot on floor. palm of right hand under back. raise left arm over head. abdominal brace! slowly draw opposite arm and leg together over abdomen.
107
what is the key with deadbug?
to crunch lower ribs down without using posterior pelvic tilt
108
how do you perform a curl up?
lie on floor supine, both hands under small of back. one knee bent, one knee straight. abdominal brace, raise head and trunk (to shoulder blades) off the floor
109
how do you perform a piriformis stretch?
supine, cross leg over the other and pull with opposite hand
110
what condition is the piriformis stretch helping?
sciatica
111
what muscles assist with abduction?
gluteus medius (weakness)
TFL (contracture)
QL- scoliosis (contracture)
112
what muscles assist with adduction?
adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis
113
what is hurdler's stretch for?
psoas contracture/flexion contracture (core muscle)
114
how do you perform hurdler's stretch?
hurdler position lying on the ground supine
115
what do you do for weak glut medius?
side bridge
one leg stance
clam
116
What can you do for TFL/iliotibial band contracture (trochanteric bursisits?)
stretch and trigger point TFL
| combo therapy
117
What can you do for scoliosis and QL contracture on side of convexity?
side lying stretch (concavity up) let pelvis sing
| manual stretch
