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PT Boards NBS > Active Care > Flashcards

Active Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is Articular ROM related to?

A

Paraphysiological Joint Space

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2
Q

What is ligament ROM related to?

A

Mobilization

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3
Q

Physiological ROM is related to?

A

Active Exervise, and muscle tendon strain

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4
Q

What is passive ROM related to?

A

Sprain

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5
Q

What is Joint play ROM related to?

A

Adjustments, Manipulation (limit of anatomical integrity) and elastic barrier (firm and giving)

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6
Q

What are the Active ROM muscle exercise progression?

A
  1. Passive (active ROM)
  2. Passive/Active assisted (active ROM)
  3. Active (active ROM)
  4. Active Resisted (active ROM)
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7
Q

What is the normal duration for stretching?

A

3 x 15 seconds

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8
Q

What is passive ROM?

A

Mobilization

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9
Q

what is ballistic movement?

A

dangerous swinging motion

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10
Q

What is static stretching (ROM)?

A

elongated to tissue resistance and held

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11
Q

What is Cyclic/Intermittent stretching (ROM)?

A

short duration static that is repeated

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12
Q

What is mechanical stretching (ROM)?

A

machine implemented

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13
Q

What is manual/passive stretching (ROM)?

A

trainer provides stretch and/or resistance

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14
Q

What is self/active stretching (ROM)?

A

flexibility exercise

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15
Q

What is Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)?

A
  1. Hold-relax or contract- relax
  2. agonist contract
  3. Hold-relax with agonist contract
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16
Q

What is coordination?

A

dynamic ball, wobble, slide board (side to side)

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17
Q

What is proprioception?

A

walking on foam, passive movement by therapist

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18
Q

What is balance?

A

proprioceptive training in multiple directions, tandem gait, catch, wobble, braid, figure 8, bridge, survivial

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19
Q

what is reciprocal?

A

multiple joints, multiple muscles, resistance by adjustable friction (ie stationary bike)

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20
Q

what is open chain?

A

free weights, pulleys, weight cable, distal non-fixed

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21
Q

what is an open environment?

A

more complex tasks in which objects, supports or surfaces move during activity

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22
Q

what is a closed chain?

A

usually weightbearing position, body weight is often resistance (ie pushups, squats, distal-fixed)

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23
Q

what is a closed environment?

A

objects or surface tasks are performed on, does not move

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24
Q

what is a target heart rate?

A

60-80 percent of maximum heart rate= target rate (220-age x 60%)

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25
Q

what is progressive resistance exercise?

A

to increase resistance in order to strengthen a muscle or group (PRE)

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26
Q

Research terms:

A

reliability, responsiveness, practicality, validity

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27
Q

what is reliability?

A

amount of error

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28
Q

what is responsiveness?

A

change in condition

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29
Q

what is practicality?

A

ease of use

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30
Q

what is validity?

A

accuracy

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31
Q

What are the 3 reliable LBP questionnaires?

A

Oswestry
Roland-Morris
Quebec

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32
Q

What are the 3 ADL charts?

A

Copenhagen (neck)
croft (shoulder)
harris (hip)

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33
Q

What is a red flag?

A

sinister

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34
Q

What is a yellow flag?

A

chronicity (barriers to health)

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35
Q

What is Wadell?

A

Non-organic issues

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36
Q

what is SF 12/36 for?

A

general health

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37
Q

what type of system is endurance/aerobics?

A

slow oxidative

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38
Q

What are the components of endurance/aerobic exercise?

A 
30-40% load
3 sets (12-14 reps)
ability to resist fatigue
depletes slow and fast twitch muscles
low ATP consumption
high mitochondrial oxidative capacity
low glycolytic capacity
increases red muscle
exercises: walk, bicycle, swim
increase reps and decrease weight
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39
Q

what type of system is strength/anaerobic?

A

fast glycolytic

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40
Q

what are the components of strength/ anaerobic exercise?

A 
70-80% load
2 sets (8-12 reps)
provides resistance in ROM
Resistance will determine rate of muscle development
low speed, high load
high ATP consumption
low mitochondrial oxidative capacity
high glycolytic capacity
increase white muscle
exercises: biceps curls, leg press
decrease reps and increase weight
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41
Q

what is plyometric exercise?

A

high stress, and stretch-shortening drills

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42
Q

what are the components of plyometrics?

A

20 times each side
gradually increase speed
medicine ball, jumping, hopping, hanging leg curls
concentric= shortening
rapid eccentric= stretch
** both catching and throwing a medicine ball is plyometrics

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43
Q

How would you describe plyometric exercise?

A

Explosive activity

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44
Q

what are the Progression Rules to exercise?

A
  1. unloaded to gravity to loaded
  2. simple to complex
  3. uniplanar to triplanar
  4. isometric to concentric to eccentric
  5. slow to fast
  6. endurance to strength to power
  7. stable to labile (decrease points of support)
  8. wide base to naorrow base
  9. short arc to full arc
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45
Q

what is the order to sensory motor training?

A
  1. stand
  2. walk on foam
  3. one-leg stand
  4. one-leg stand with eyes closed
  5. one-leg stand with eyes closed, arms held outward
  6. stand on rocker board or wobble board
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46
Q

what is Breugger’s used for?

A

breathing exercises and posture used for COPD, aging and AS

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47
Q

What is Buerger-Allens used for?

A

Peripheral vascular disease in the lower extremity

48
Q

What is Harvard step used for?

A

Endurance (up and down on one step)

49
Q

What is Williams used for?

A

Flexion exercises for the low back. The patient is instructed to do sit ups with knees flexed, hands in front of chest, while the head and shoulders are lifted off the table. the position is held for 5 minutes. purpose is to help decrease lordosis by strengthening the abdominal muscles.

50
Q

What is Williams beneficial for?

A

Spondylolisthesis, facet syndrome, increased lumbosacral angle, hyperlordosis,

51
Q

What is the benefit of modified McKenzie’s?

A

acute discs and spinal stenosis

52
Q

What is McKenzie?

A

extension exercises for low back. purpose is to help increase lordosis by strengthening the paraspinals.

53
Q

What is Mckenzie beneficial for?

A

Chronic disc and acute lumbar antalgia to “centralize” pain and get patient to neutral position

54
Q

What is McGill?

A

LBP (core)

  1. side bridge
  2. bird dog
  3. abdominals
55
Q

What are kegals?

A

exercises for the pelvic floor musculature. Benefits are for incontinence

56
Q

What is codmans/pendular used for?

A

strengthens the shoulder girdle while eliminating the use of supraspinatus muscle

57
Q

What position is codmans/pendular?

A

prone

58
Q

What is wall walking?

A

using fingers to crawl up the wall for shoulder ROM

59
Q

What is yoga used for?

A

to focus on position and breathing mechanics. beneficial for spinal stability and balance

60
Q

Do isometrics protect joints?

A

YES

61
Q

What are the benefits of isometrics?

A

minimal joint irritation, joint maintenance
increased strength, prevents atrophy
no equipment needed
same length, same resistance

62
Q

What is isotonic movement?

A

strength from rehab

63
Q

how is isotonic movement preformed?

A

consistent resistance, arc motion

64
Q

is isotonic movement gravity assisted?

A

YES!
gravity assisted—-> gravity resisted
1. concentric (shorten) breath in
2. eccentric (lengthen-neg) most tension and breath out

65
Q

What is isokinetics for?

A

it refines rehab

66
Q

what does the kinetic chain include?

A

scapula-thoraco
gleno-humeral
A-C
sternoclavicular

67
Q

What is scapula-thoraco associated with in the kinetic chain?

A

protraction- rowing

68
Q

What is gleno-humeral associated with in the kinetic chain?

A

dislocation and axillary nerve compression

69
Q

In the kinetic chain, can A-C include with and without weights?

A

Yes

70
Q

How does the sternoclavicular joint misalign?

A

medialward misalignment

71
Q

what part of the kinetic chain does rowing include?

A

The entire kinetic chain- it rounds the shoulders and flares scaps (Rhomboids)

72
Q

what do corner wall pushups activate?

A

serratus anterior- related to winging (S-T motion)

73
Q

in the shoulder kinetic chain, what does a painful arc (abduction) indicate?

A

supraspinatus injury (G-H motion)

74
Q

what muscles does codman’s/pendular exercise involve?

A

ITS only!
Infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

75
Q

what is the normal glenohumeral-scapulothoracic motion?

A

2:1

76
Q

what is the frozen shoulder ratio?

A

1:1 (adhesive capsulitis)

77
Q

what is gothic shoulder?

A

straight shoulders, involves levator scapula

78
Q

what is the motion of supraspinatus?

A

15-30 degrees abduction

79
Q

what is the motion of infraspinatus?

A

external rotation

80
Q

what is the motion of teres minor?

A

external rotation

81
Q

what is the motion of subscapularis?

A

internal rotation (lesser tubercle)

82
Q

what does bird dog help with?

A

poor thoracic extension

83
Q

what does breathing depend on?

A

upper traps, bucket handle motion, shoulder mechanics and thoracic kyphosis

84
Q

what does breugger’s test and exercises affect?

A

breathing in thoracics

85
Q

what does arm overhead test for?

A

breathing and thoracic mechanics

86
Q

scoliosis is effected by what muscle?

A

quadratus lumborum

87
Q

how do you strengthen muscles related to scoliosis?

A

hip hiking, side lying leg off table to stretch

88
Q

how do you perform a wall angel?

A

stand four inches from the wall facing away from the wall. arms in cactus or “under arrest” position. Dorsum of hand against the wall.

89
Q

What do wall angels help with?

A

flattening the back, extending thoracics and improves shoulder ROM

90
Q

what muscle do floor angels work?

A

lower traps

91
Q

what do wall angels work?

A

upper traps

92
Q

what is hyperlordosis in the lumbars caused by?

A

weake abdominals
tight paraspinals, psoas
(high heels and boots)

93
Q

anterior pelvic tilt in the lumbars is caused by?

A

weak hamstrings and gluteus maximus
Tight quadriceps
high heels and boots

94
Q

what is hypolordosis in the lumbars caused by?

A

tight abdominals
weak paraspinals
Psoas (sandals)

95
Q

what is posterior prevlic tilt caused by?

A 
tight hamstrings and gluteus maximus
weak quadriceps (sandals)
96
Q

what does the psoas motion include?

A

increased lordosis and flexes the hip and trunk

97
Q

what is the psoas synergistic to?

A

abdominals in trunk flexion

98
Q

what is the psoas antagonistic to?

A

lordosis

99
Q

what does bracing in the lumbars do?

A

strengthen core muscles by tightening transverse abdominus

100
Q

what is cat-camel?

A

patient kneels on all fours, hunches then arches their back

101
Q

what are the exercises in quadruped exercises? AKA prone or flexion bridge

A

Bird dog
cat-camel
dynamic ball under belly

102
Q

How do you perform bird dog?

A

lifting the opposite leg and arm out straight as if pointing like a hunting dog.

103
Q

How do you perform bridge/ extension quadruped?

A

lie on floor supine then lift butt off floor

104
Q

what are the modifications to bridge?

A

double leg bridge- both feet on floor

single leg bridge- extend one knee out straight

105
Q

how do you perform superman on ball? (back extension)

A

face down, abdomen over ball and feet braced against the wall. arch head and trunk upward

106
Q

how do you perform deadbug?

A

lie on back supine with right leg straight, left knee bent, floot on floor. palm of right hand under back. raise left arm over head. abdominal brace! slowly draw opposite arm and leg together over abdomen.

107
Q

what is the key with deadbug?

A

to crunch lower ribs down without using posterior pelvic tilt

108
Q

how do you perform a curl up?

A

lie on floor supine, both hands under small of back. one knee bent, one knee straight. abdominal brace, raise head and trunk (to shoulder blades) off the floor

109
Q

how do you perform a piriformis stretch?

A

supine, cross leg over the other and pull with opposite hand

110
Q

what condition is the piriformis stretch helping?

A

sciatica

111
Q

what muscles assist with abduction?

A

gluteus medius (weakness)
TFL (contracture)
QL- scoliosis (contracture)

112
Q

what muscles assist with adduction?

A

adductor magnus
adductor longus
adductor brevis

113
Q

what is hurdler’s stretch for?

A

psoas contracture/flexion contracture (core muscle)

114
Q

how do you perform hurdler’s stretch?

A

hurdler position lying on the ground supine

115
Q

what do you do for weak glut medius?

A

side bridge
one leg stance
clam

116
Q

What can you do for TFL/iliotibial band contracture (trochanteric bursisits?)

A

stretch and trigger point TFL

combo therapy

117
Q

What can you do for scoliosis and QL contracture on side of convexity?

A

side lying stretch (concavity up) let pelvis sing

manual stretch

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