Action Theories Flashcards
Goals of Behavioral therapy
The elimination of unwanted/problematic behaviors/actions AND the strengthening of desired/adaptive behaviors/actions.
—-Individualized behavioral goals are developed that are specific, measurable, and achievable.
—-To do this, you need to control the environment.
Classical Conditioning
Pavlov
* Type of learning in which one learns to associate two or more stimuli and an anticipated event.
Reinforcement/Operant Conditioning
Skinner (strict behaviorist, believed the only scientific approach to psychology was one that studied behaviors, not internal mental processes.
* Positive reinforcement:
o Behavior increases when a reinforcer follows it.
o Eg: A parent smiles and the excitement reinforces the baby to smile.
* Negative reinforcement:
o Behavior increases when a reinforcer is taken away.
o Eg. I start talking to girls when my friend stops teasing me about it
JW Watson
Used Pavlov’s principles of classical conditioning and stimulus
——-use stimulus to change behavior
* Proposed behaviorism.
* think of little Alfie
Bandura - Social Learning/Cognitive Theory
- Behavior change can occur vicariously through observation of other people’s behavior
- Modeling- watching and copying seen behavior
o Self-efficacy theory: “I will be able to perform a task based on my beliefs about how well I will perform (my competency).”
Behavioral Interventions
-Exposure
-Relaxation
-Imaginal (imagine the stimulus)
-In Vito (introduce “into life”)
-Acting as If (you can do something)
-Activity Scheduling (treatment options)
BF Skinner
used reward to gradually shaped behavior of pigeons until they learned to peck at a red disk. ——-Skinner called this Operant behavior because the behavior “operated” on the environment and was controlled by its effects
Mindfulness
mental state of non-judgmental awareness of the present moment, often achieved through meditation or other practices
Reality Concepts
believe that past issues are expressed in present relationships and behaviors.
- Glasser does not ascribe to the disease model of mental illness. He accepts that people have symptoms, but there’s nothing wrong with their brains that cannot be changed through supportive relationships and changed actions
Reality Goals
Take responsibility
Identify needs
Foster good relationships
Improve decision making
Improve self confidence
WDEP
W- What do you WANT?
D- What are you DOING to achieve wants?
E- Evaluation of what you’re doing
P- Planning and Commitment
SAMIC (Maximizing success plan)
Simple
Attainable
Measurable
Immediate
Controlled, Consistent, Committed
Solution Focused Concepts and Assumptions (Shazer&Kimberg)
- Clients have resources to solve problems
- people are accountable for their actions
- empower client to not need the therapist
Types of Clients
Visitor- I don’t have a problem/ things will stay the same
——-sympathize w/ client and focus on relationship
Complainer- solutions are out of my control
——-listen and reflect/ give clients ability to think and observe
Customer- there’s a problem and I can/ will work on it
——— be active and directive to keep momentum
5 types of therapeutic questions
*Pre- 1st Session Change Question - Why are you here?
*Miracle Question- visualize problem being solved so you can work
toward it
*Exception Question - find exceptions to assumed reality
*Scaling Question - (1-10) helps people quantify events and feelings
*Coping Question - reflect on who/ what helps client through difficulty
