ACT 2 Flashcards
used for outpatient care
prescription
used in institutional care (hospitals, nursing homes, other institutions)
medication
drug substance responsible for the pharmacologic activity of the drug product
active pharmaceutical ingredient
inactive ingredient that may contribute to the pharmaceutic activity of the drug product
excipient
formulation containing a specific quantity of active ingredients in combination with one or more excipients
dosage form
includes the quantities of active and inactive ingredients to be used in compounding of prescription or medication order
compounding
predetermined amount of the drug administered at one time to produce a certain degree of biological response
dose
predetermined amount and rate of administration of a drug for a patient
dosage
frequency and duration of a prescribed drug or recommended use
dosage regimen
quantity of an active ingredient used to achieve the desired drug concentration
drug concentration
quantity of drug administered per unit of time to meet prescribed dosing schedule
rate of drug administration
usual time format to record patient’s admission, time of drug administration, and time of medical procedures
military time
degree to which the person’s behavior corresponds with the agreed recommendation from a health care provider
medication compliance
number of days supply of medication/number of days since last refill x 100 = compliance rate
- responsibility of the pharmacist to help minimize errors and ensure the safety and well-being of patients
- incorrect medication administration can result in severe complications, including allergic reactions, overdose and even death
- _______, ________, and ________ are some technological advancements that help reduce medication error and document medication administration
it involves 5 steps:
MEDICATION VERIFICATION
- barcoding, electronic medical records (EMR), and automated dispensing systems
5 steps:
1. prescription review
2. preparation
3. double-check
4. patient identification
5. documentation
5 principles of medication administration
- right patient
- right medication
- right dose
- right route
- right time
parts of prescription
- Date (and time)
- Patient information
- Superscription
- Inscription
- Subscription
- Signatura (aka signa)
- Auxillary label (aka special instructions)
- Prescriber’s information
- derived from latin phrase ________, meaning before writing
- orders for medication, non-drug products and services that are written by a licensed or mid-level practitioner who is authorized by stature to prescribe
- means of communication (written, verbal, or electronic) from the prescriber to the pharmacist
PRESCRIPTION
- praescriptus
- for verification purposes, establishing the medication record of the patient and protects patient from medication abuse
- may include date prescribed and date filled in the pharmacy
date (and time)
- for identification purposes, which should include the legible full name, address, gender, age, height, and weight of the patient
patient information
- beginning of a direct order from the prescriber to the pharmacist
- symbolized by Rx symbol, which means “take thou” or “you take” in Latin
superscription
- principal part of the prescription order that contains the medication information
inscription
- directions to the pharmacist for the preparation of the prescription
- may serve to designate the DF or # of units
subscription
- directions to the patient that is transcribed by the pharmacist
- symbolized by “___,” which means “______” in latin
SIGNATURA (signa)
- sig
-mark thou
- used to emphasize the important aspects of the dispensed medication including proper use, handling, storage, refill status and necessary warning or precautions
- must have aesthetic and professional appeal
- color coded as:
auxillary label (special instructions)
- for verification purposes, which should include the legible full name, address, contact and registration number
prescriber’s information
PROPER HANDLING OF PRESCRIPTION
- receiving
- reading and checking
- numbering and dating
- labelling
- preparing
- packaging
- recording and filling
- pricing
KINDS OF PRESCRIPTION
- ORDINARY
- medication order
- tamper resistant prescription pads
- E-prescription - CONTROLLED
- dangerous drug (DD)
- exempt dangerous drug (EDD) - COMPOUNDING
- INCORRECT PRESCRIPTIONS
- erroneous
- violative
- impossible
printed or handwritten order not requiring control
ordinary prescription
prescriptions ordered within the clinical practice
medication order
used to prevent unauthorized copying, modification, or counterfeiting of prescriptions
tamper resistant prescription pads
for efficiency of both the prescriber and pharmacist, convenience to the patient
E-prescription
used for medications that have high potential for abuse
controlled
- medications listed in the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
- supplied only on Yellow Rx by a licensed PDEA prescribing physician
dangerous drug (DD)
- medication containing any amount of prohibited or regulated drug
- supplied on ordinary prescription form with S2 license number by a licensed PDEA prescribing physician
exempt dangerous drug (EDD)
requiring the pharmacist to prepare a patient-specific medication
compounding
- where the brand name precedes the generic name
- where the generic name is the one in parenthesis
- where the brand name is not in parenthesis
erroneous
- where the brand name is not written
- generic name is not legible and the brand name which is legible is written
- brand name is indicated and instructions added “no substitution”
violative
- when only the generic name is written but is not legible
- when the generic name does not correspond to the brand name
- when both the brand name and generic name are not legible
- when the product prescribed are not registered with the BFAD/FDA
impossible
