Act 1 And 2 Flashcards
What is the Hess test used for?
It is primarily used to assess capillary integrity and platelet functionality.
Weak capillary resistance may result in capillary rupture, leading to bleeding and the formation of petechiae.
What is a positive result in the capillary fragility test?
10 or more petechiae per 1 square inch.
Petechiae are small red or purple spots indicating capillary fragility.
What is the procedure for the tourniquet test?
- Record blood pressure.
- Inflate cuff to midpoint between SBP and DBP for 5 minutes.
- Reduce and wait 2 minutes.
- Release cuff and wait 5-10 minutes before final reading.
- Count petechiae.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
What are petechiae?
Small, flat, red, discrete areas of skin bleeding typically <2 mm in diameter.
They are nonblanching and nonpalpable.
What is the definition of a hematoma?
Collection of blood in the extravascular space, raising the skin profile in subcutaneous tissues.
In deep tissues, it may cause pain or fluid collection on imaging.
What is purpura?
Coalesced petechiae, which can be dry (in the skin) or wet (hemorrhagic blisters in mucous membranes).
In thrombocytopenia, it appears flat and nonblanching.
What is the difference between primary and secondary hemostasis?
Primary hemostasis involves initial clot formation and relies on platelets; secondary hemostasis involves fibrin-based clot formation and coagulation factors.
Primary hemostasis presents with mucocutaneous bleeding; secondary with deep tissue hematomas.
What are the major hereditary vascular disorders?
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
HHT is caused by genetic mutations; EDS is due to defects in collagen biosynthesis.
What is the clinical significance of the Capillary Fragility Test (CFT)?
Evaluates the integrity of capillary walls and their ability to withstand pressure without rupture.
It is used to assess vascular disorders associated with abnormal capillary resistance.
What conditions can cause increased capillary fragility?
- Thrombocytopenia
- Platelet Function Defects
- Vascular Disorders
- Vitamin Deficiencies
- Infectious Diseases
- Connective Tissue Disorders
Each of these conditions can compromise capillary integrity.
What are the contraindications for the Capillary Fragility Test?
- Recent Surgery or Injury
- Severe Skin Disorders
- Severe Anemia or Hemophilia
- Platelet Dysfunction Disorders
- Recent Blood Transfusion
These conditions can complicate the test results or patient safety.
What are the reference values for the Gothlin’s Method?
- 0–8 petechiae: Normal
- > 12 petechiae: Indicates capillary fragility
This method involves measuring capillary resistance using low-pressure exposure.
Fill in the blank: The presence of petechiae indicates increased _______.
capillary fragility
True or False: The tourniquet test is more likely to be positive near the time of defervescence.
True
What factors can affect the results of the Capillary Fragility Test?
- Pressure Applied During the Test
- Duration of Pressure Application
- Skin Type and Condition
- Patient Factors (Age, Health Status)
- Medication Use
- Temperature
- Physical Activity
These factors can influence the visibility of petechiae and test outcomes.
What is the Hess test used for?
It is primarily used to assess capillary integrity and platelet functionality.
Weak capillary resistance may result in capillary rupture, leading to bleeding and the formation of petechiae.
What is a positive result in the capillary fragility test?
10 or more petechiae per 1 square inch.
Petechiae are small red or purple spots indicating capillary fragility.
What is the procedure for the tourniquet test?
- Record blood pressure.
- Inflate cuff to midpoint between SBP and DBP for 5 minutes.
- Reduce and wait 2 minutes.
- Release cuff and wait 5-10 minutes before final reading.
- Count petechiae.
SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure.
What are petechiae?
Small, flat, red, discrete areas of skin bleeding typically <2 mm in diameter.
They are nonblanching and nonpalpable.
What is the definition of a hematoma?
Collection of blood in the extravascular space, raising the skin profile in subcutaneous tissues.
In deep tissues, it may cause pain or fluid collection on imaging.
What is purpura?
Coalesced petechiae, which can be dry (in the skin) or wet (hemorrhagic blisters in mucous membranes).
In thrombocytopenia, it appears flat and nonblanching.
What is the difference between primary and secondary hemostasis?
Primary hemostasis involves initial clot formation and relies on platelets; secondary hemostasis involves fibrin-based clot formation and coagulation factors.
Primary hemostasis presents with mucocutaneous bleeding; secondary with deep tissue hematomas.
What are the major hereditary vascular disorders?
- Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT)
- Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
HHT is caused by genetic mutations; EDS is due to defects in collagen biosynthesis.
What is the clinical significance of the Capillary Fragility Test (CFT)?
Evaluates the integrity of capillary walls and their ability to withstand pressure without rupture.
It is used to assess vascular disorders associated with abnormal capillary resistance.
