ACS - Week 1 Flashcards
What is stable angina
pain from increased myocardial oxygen demand due to plaque build up within coronary blood vessels. relived with rest and/or GTN
Variant Angina
Arteries get irritated causing artery spasms which results in increased pain/ischeamia which can be relieved with GTN
Silent MI trifecta
1) Female
2) Elderly
3) Diabetes
Unstable angina
Pain occurring at random times, more frequently, more severe and may last longer due to unstable plaque and the platelet aggregation within coronary blood vessels
NSTEMI
Non ST elevation. Caused by plaque distribution, platelet aggregation and thrombus forming restricting blood flow
STEMI
ST elevation caused by plaque disruption and thrombus formation within blood vessels obstructing blood flow and resulting in ischaemic death of the myocardial tissue
What is ischaemia ?
lack of oxygenation, May see T wave changes and/or ST depression
What is Injury
Prolonged ischaemia (lack of oxygen) but still reversible. May see hyperacute T waves and/or ST elevation
What is infarction
Death of myocardial tissue that is irreversible. May see pathological Q waves.
ST elevation criteria
1mm or more ST elevation in 2+ contiguous leads
BUT
Leads V2&V3 must have :
1.5mm or more = females
2mm or more = males 40+
2.5mm or more = males under 40
ST depression criteria
More than 0.5mm (1/2 small box) depression in 2 contiguous leads
When might tall T waves be seen?
Ischaemia = Seen within V1-V4
OR
HyperK = any leads
When might biphasic T waves be seen
Up + Down morphology
Ischaemia = acute in V1-V4
RAE = V1 w/ positive deflection
LAE = V1 w/ negative deflection
where can normal Inverted T waves be seen?
Deep + symmetrically inverted
Normal in leads III, aVR, V1
