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NCM 112 > ACS & MI > Flashcards

ACS & MI Flashcards

1
Q

Another term for ACS

A

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

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2
Q

Disease or a condition that is more than six (6) months

A

Chronic

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3
Q

This is a group of signs and symptoms

A

Syndrome

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4
Q

Its layman’s term is “heart attack”

A

Infarction

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5
Q

Medical term for death of tissues

A

Necrosis

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6
Q

Ischemia does not lead to infarction. True or False

A

False

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7
Q

What is ischemia?

A

Compromised supply of oxygenated blood

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8
Q

Is the abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of the arterial blood vessel walls

A

Coronary atherosclerosis

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9
Q

A patch of atherosclerosis

A

Plaque

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10
Q

What are the clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction

A

Chest pain or angina shortness of breath indigestion nausea anxiety

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11
Q

What are the three cardiac biomarkers

A

Troponin
Creatine Kinase
Myoglobin

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12
Q

What do you mean by CABG

A

Coronary artery bypass graft

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13
Q

When is the peak of myoglobin

A

12 hours

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14
Q

When does troponin returns to normal

A

One to three weeks

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15
Q

When is the onset of CKMB

A

4-8 hours

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16
Q

When is the onset of troponin

A

3 to 4 hours

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17
Q

When does CKMB return to normal

A

3 to 4 days

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18
Q

When is the peak of CKMB

A

12 to 24 hours

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19
Q

When is the peak of troponin

A

4 to 24 hours

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20
Q

What is the meaning of PTCA

A

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

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21
Q

What are the three forms of ACS

A

Unstable angina
Non-ST segment elevation MI
ST segment elevation MI

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22
Q

Unstable angina can be relieved with rest and nitroglycerin. True or false

A

False

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23
Q

ST segment elevation is in three continues leads. True or false

A

False

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24
Q

What are the three possible changes seen in the ECG of a patient who has a myocardial infarction

A

ST segment elevation

T-wave inversion abnormal Q wave

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25
Q

What is the meaning of sclerosis

A

That means hardening

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26
Q

What are the interventions needed to be obtained within 10 minutes after arrival at the ER

A 
IV administration
blood specimen
admitting the patient
give aspirin 
ECG
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27
Q

ST segment elevation is reversible. true or false

A

True

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28
Q

T-wave inversion is irreversible true or false

A

False

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29
Q

Abnormal Q wave is irreversible true or false

A

True

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30
Q

What should be given to the patient in order to dissolve and break down the clot in a coronary artery

A

Thrombolytics

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31
Q

When should thrombolytics be given to the patient

A

It should be given within 30 minutes of presentation to the hospital

32
Q

Door to PCI Should be given within how many minutes

A

90 minutes

33
Q

Give three thrombolytic agents

A

Alteplase (Activase)
Reteplase (retavase)
Tenecteplase (TNKase)

34
Q

The nurse can give thrombolytics to patient who has bleeding. True or false

A

False

35
Q

Normal hematocrit level for females

A

37% to 47%

36
Q

Normal hemoglobin level for male

A

14 to 18 MG per DL

37
Q

Normal hemoglobin level for female

A

12 to 16 MG Per DL

38
Q

Normal hematocrit level for male

A

45% to 52%

39
Q

This is a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel is crafted to an occluded coronary artery so that blood can flow beyond the occlusion

A

CABG

40
Q

Coronary arteries must have at least 70% occlusion or at least 40% occlusion if in the left main coronary artery. true or false

A

False

41
Q

What is the primary focus of nurses and taking care of patients with ACS?

A

Relieve pain

42
Q

A phase in the cardiac rehabilitation where patient are encouraged to do physical activity, client and family education and provide counseling

A

Phase I

43
Q

A phase in CR where patients focus on maintaining cardiovascular stability and long term conditioning

A

Phase III

44
Q

Off-pump CABG uses CPB machine. True or False

A

False

45
Q

Interventions to be done to relieve pain

A

Administer aspirin
Administer morphine
Oxygen via nasal cannula

46
Q

To improve respiratory function, encourage patient to get a lot of sleep. True or false

A

False

47
Q

In an ECG graph, this segment is usually isoelectric or in the flatline

A

ST segment

48
Q

What happens in the P wave

A

Atrial depolarization

49
Q

What happens in the T-wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

50
Q

What happens in the ST segment

A

Early ventricular repolarization

51
Q

What happens in the QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

52
Q

In assessing ACS and MI on a patient, the jugular venous return increases. True or False

A

True

53
Q

What does depolarization means

A

Contraction

54
Q

What does repolarization means

A

Relaxation

55
Q

Three troponin isomers

A

Troponin: C, I, T

56
Q

CK Isoenzymes

A

CK-MM
CK-MB
CK-BB

57
Q

Isoenzyme specific for skeletal muscles

A

CK-MM

58
Q

Isoenzymes specific to brain tissue

A

CK-BB

59
Q

Isoenzymes specific to heart muscles

A

CK-MB

60
Q

When should blood samples be collected?

A

During IV insertion

61
Q

What does AED means?

A

Automatic External Defibrillator

62
Q

What can you find in an ECG reading that will give you an idea that the patient has had history of MI?

A

Abnormal Q wave

63
Q

Cite two examples of medication-coated stents

A

Sirolimus (Rapamune)

Paclitaxel (Taxol)

64
Q

A ballon catheter is used to open the blocked coronary vessels to resolve ischemia.

A

PTCA

65
Q

After the PTCA procedure, position the patient in semi-fowlers. True or false

A

False

66
Q

What can be given to a patient after PTCA procedure to increase HR?

A

IV atropine

67
Q

Thrombolytics is indicated to patients with chest pain lasting more than 20 mins. True or False

A

True

68
Q

Start thrombolytic therapy before IV line. True or false

A

False

69
Q

In a minor bleeding, nurse should discontinue thrombolytic therapy. True or false

A

False

70
Q

This is the commonly used vein in CABG

A

Saphenous vein

71
Q

This is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the arteries

A

Atherosclerosis

72
Q

What are the nursing interventions for a patient who has stable angina?

A

Rest

Administer nitroglycerine

73
Q

What does ISA means?

A

Injection Site Adapter

74
Q

An accumulation of large amounts of extracellular lipids and fibrous tissue localized into a lipid core

A

Atheroma

75
Q

Troponin isomers specific for cardiac muscle

A

Troponin I & T

NCM 112 (2 decks)

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