ACS & MI Flashcards
Another term for ACS
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Disease or a condition that is more than six (6) months
Chronic
This is a group of signs and symptoms
Syndrome
Its layman’s term is “heart attack”
Infarction
Medical term for death of tissues
Necrosis
Ischemia does not lead to infarction. True or False
False
What is ischemia?
Compromised supply of oxygenated blood
Is the abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of the arterial blood vessel walls
Coronary atherosclerosis
A patch of atherosclerosis
Plaque
What are the clinical manifestations of myocardial infarction
Chest pain or angina shortness of breath indigestion nausea anxiety
What are the three cardiac biomarkers
Troponin
Creatine Kinase
Myoglobin
What do you mean by CABG
Coronary artery bypass graft
When is the peak of myoglobin
12 hours
When does troponin returns to normal
One to three weeks
When is the onset of CKMB
4-8 hours
When is the onset of troponin
3 to 4 hours
When does CKMB return to normal
3 to 4 days
When is the peak of CKMB
12 to 24 hours
When is the peak of troponin
4 to 24 hours
What is the meaning of PTCA
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
What are the three forms of ACS
Unstable angina
Non-ST segment elevation MI
ST segment elevation MI
Unstable angina can be relieved with rest and nitroglycerin. True or false
False
ST segment elevation is in three continues leads. True or false
False
What are the three possible changes seen in the ECG of a patient who has a myocardial infarction
ST segment elevation
T-wave inversion abnormal Q wave
What is the meaning of sclerosis
That means hardening
What are the interventions needed to be obtained within 10 minutes after arrival at the ER
IV administration blood specimen admitting the patient give aspirin ECG
ST segment elevation is reversible. true or false
True
T-wave inversion is irreversible true or false
False
Abnormal Q wave is irreversible true or false
True
What should be given to the patient in order to dissolve and break down the clot in a coronary artery
Thrombolytics
When should thrombolytics be given to the patient
It should be given within 30 minutes of presentation to the hospital
Door to PCI Should be given within how many minutes
90 minutes
Give three thrombolytic agents
Alteplase (Activase)
Reteplase (retavase)
Tenecteplase (TNKase)
The nurse can give thrombolytics to patient who has bleeding. True or false
False
Normal hematocrit level for females
37% to 47%
Normal hemoglobin level for male
14 to 18 MG per DL
Normal hemoglobin level for female
12 to 16 MG Per DL
Normal hematocrit level for male
45% to 52%
This is a surgical procedure in which a blood vessel is crafted to an occluded coronary artery so that blood can flow beyond the occlusion
CABG
Coronary arteries must have at least 70% occlusion or at least 40% occlusion if in the left main coronary artery. true or false
False
What is the primary focus of nurses and taking care of patients with ACS?
Relieve pain
A phase in the cardiac rehabilitation where patient are encouraged to do physical activity, client and family education and provide counseling
Phase I
A phase in CR where patients focus on maintaining cardiovascular stability and long term conditioning
Phase III
Off-pump CABG uses CPB machine. True or False
False
Interventions to be done to relieve pain
Administer aspirin
Administer morphine
Oxygen via nasal cannula
To improve respiratory function, encourage patient to get a lot of sleep. True or false
False
In an ECG graph, this segment is usually isoelectric or in the flatline
ST segment
What happens in the P wave
Atrial depolarization
What happens in the T-wave
Ventricular repolarization
What happens in the ST segment
Early ventricular repolarization
What happens in the QRS complex
Ventricular depolarization
In assessing ACS and MI on a patient, the jugular venous return increases. True or False
True
What does depolarization means
Contraction
What does repolarization means
Relaxation
Three troponin isomers
Troponin: C, I, T
CK Isoenzymes
CK-MM
CK-MB
CK-BB
Isoenzyme specific for skeletal muscles
CK-MM
Isoenzymes specific to brain tissue
CK-BB
Isoenzymes specific to heart muscles
CK-MB
When should blood samples be collected?
During IV insertion
What does AED means?
Automatic External Defibrillator
What can you find in an ECG reading that will give you an idea that the patient has had history of MI?
Abnormal Q wave
Cite two examples of medication-coated stents
Sirolimus (Rapamune)
Paclitaxel (Taxol)
A ballon catheter is used to open the blocked coronary vessels to resolve ischemia.
PTCA
After the PTCA procedure, position the patient in semi-fowlers. True or false
False
What can be given to a patient after PTCA procedure to increase HR?
IV atropine
Thrombolytics is indicated to patients with chest pain lasting more than 20 mins. True or False
True
Start thrombolytic therapy before IV line. True or false
False
In a minor bleeding, nurse should discontinue thrombolytic therapy. True or false
False
This is the commonly used vein in CABG
Saphenous vein
This is characterized by yellowish plaques of cholesterol, other lipids and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of the arteries
Atherosclerosis
What are the nursing interventions for a patient who has stable angina?
Rest
Administer nitroglycerine
What does ISA means?
Injection Site Adapter
An accumulation of large amounts of extracellular lipids and fibrous tissue localized into a lipid core
Atheroma
Troponin isomers specific for cardiac muscle
Troponin I & T
