ACS Flashcards
What is acute coronary syndrome (ACS)?
ACS is a term used to describe a range of conditions associated with sudden, reduced blood flow to the heart.
Name the three main types of acute coronary syndrome.
The three main types of ACS are unstable angina, non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), and ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
True or False: Unstable angina is considered a medical emergency.
True.
What is the primary cause of acute coronary syndrome?
The primary cause of ACS is the rupture of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries.
Fill in the blank: Symptoms of ACS may include _______.
chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, and sweating.
What is the role of troponin in diagnosing ACS?
Troponin levels are measured to assess for myocardial injury; elevated levels indicate heart muscle damage.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for ACS? A) Smoking B) High cholesterol C) Regular exercise D) Diabetes
C) Regular exercise.
What is the typical initial treatment for unstable angina?
Initial treatment often includes nitroglycerin and antiplatelet agents.
True or False: STEMI requires immediate reperfusion therapy.
True.
What does the acronym MONA stand for in the context of ACS treatment?
MONA stands for Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, and Aspirin.
What is the significance of the ‘golden hour’ in ACS?
The ‘golden hour’ refers to the critical time frame for restoring blood flow to the heart to minimize damage.
Fill in the blank: A common complication of ACS is _______.
heart failure.
What diagnostic test is commonly used to visualize coronary artery blockages?
Coronary angiography.
Multiple Choice: Which medication is commonly prescribed for secondary prevention of ACS? A) Warfarin B) Aspirin C) Ibuprofen D) Acetaminophen
B) Aspirin.
What lifestyle change is recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent ACS?
Adopting a heart-healthy diet and regular exercise.
True or False: All patients with ACS will undergo surgical intervention.
False.
What is the primary goal of treatment in ACS?
The primary goal is to restore blood flow to the heart and prevent further damage.
Fill in the blank: ACS is often diagnosed using a combination of clinical history, physical examination, and _______.
laboratory tests.
What is the common age range for increased risk of ACS?
Men over 45 and women over 55.
Multiple Choice: Which symptom is most characteristic of myocardial infarction? A) Sudden headache B) Severe chest pain C) Leg swelling D) Persistent cough
B) Severe chest pain.
What is the importance of cardiac rehabilitation after ACS?
Cardiac rehabilitation helps improve physical fitness and reduce the risk of future cardiac events.
True or False: Stress management is an important component of ACS recovery.
True.
What is the function of beta-blockers in the management of ACS?
Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand.
Fill in the blank: ACS can lead to serious complications such as _______ and _______.
arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
What is the purpose of using anticoagulants in ACS treatment?
Anticoagulants are used to prevent blood clot formation.
