ACS Flashcards
ESTUDIAR
What are operations and supply chain management
The design, operation, and improvement of the systems that create and deliver the firm’s products and services.
Operations meaning
Manufacturing and service processes used to transform resources into products.
Processes that move information and material to and from the firm.
Supply Chain
Processes needed to operate an existing supply chain.
Planning
Selection of suppliers that will deliver the goods and services needed to create the firm’s product.
Sourcing
The process where the major product or service is being produced.
The making
Logistics processes such as selecting carriers, coordinating the movement of goods and information, and collecting payments from customers
Delivering
Receiving worn-out, excess, and/or defective products back from customers.
Returining
Doing something at the lowest possible cost.
Efficiency
Doing the right things to create the most value for the company.
Effectiveness
Process in which one company studies the processes of another company (or industry) to identify best practices.
Benchmarking
What are the Shareholders?
individuals or companies that legally own one or more shares of stock in the company.
What are the stakeholders?
individuals or organizations who are directly or indirectly influenced by the actions of the firm.
Means meeting value goals without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Adding a sustainability requirement .
This pertains to fair and beneficial business practices toward labor, the community, and the region in which a firm conducts its business.
Social responsibility
Is when the firm is obligated to compensate shareholders who provide capital.
Economic prosperity
This refers to the firm’s impact on the environment.
Environmental stewardship.
Performing activities in a manner that best implements strategic priorities at a minimum cost.
Operations effectiveness.
A supplier may be expected to provide technical assistance for product development.
Technical liaison and support
What does management in trade-offs do?
They must decide which parameters of performance are critical and concentrate resources on those characteristics
Those dimensions that are necessary for a firm’s products to be considered for purchase by customers
Order qualifiers.
Criteria used by customers to differentiate the products and services of one firm from those of other firms
Order winners.
The likelihood of a disruption that would impact the ability of a company to continuously supply products or services
Supply chain risk.
Is a measure of how well resources are used
Productivity
An organization capable of manufacturing and/or purchasing all the components needed to produce a finished product.
Contract manufacturer.
The one thing a company can do better than its competitors
Core competency.
Mention the six phases of generic development.
Planning, Concept development, System-level design, design detail, testing and reminement, production ramp up.
Mention the activities in the planningof generic development.
- Project aproval
- Start the corporate strategy
- output is the project mission statement.
- Assessment of technology development and market objectives.
Mention the activities in the “Concept development” phase of generic development.
- Identify the needs of the target market.
- Alternative product concepts are generated and evaluated.
*One or more of these concepts are selected for further development.
Mention the activities in the “System- level design” phase of generic development.
- Definition of the product architecture
- Decomposition of the product into subsystem and components.
*Final assembly scheme for the production system is usually defined.
Mention the activities in the “Design Detail” phase of generic development.
- Specification od the geometry, materials and tolerances for all parts.
- Identification of all the standard parts to be purchased.
- Process plan
- Tooling is designed
Mention the activities in the “Testing and refinement” phase of generic development.
- Construction and evaluation of multiple prepoduction versions of product.
*Prototypes are tested to determine if the product will work as designed.
Mention the activities in the “Production Ramp-up” phase of generic development.
- Need to train workers and resolve any remaining problems.
*Products may be supplied to preferred customers for evaluation
*Transition to ongoing production is gradual
Whats the objective of Value Analysis/Value Engineering (VA/VE)
To achieve better performance at a lower cost while maintaining all functional requirements defined by the customer.
There are two aspects to this, the frequency of new product introductions and the time from initial concept to market introduction
Time to market
Such measures as the number of engineering hours, the cost of materials, and tooling costs are used in these measures.
Productivity.
Measures that relate to the reliability of the product in use, the product’s performance features compared to customer expectations.
Quality.
What is a project?
A series of related jobs, usually directed toward some major output and requiring a significant period of time to perform.
Identify the project structure if: A self-contained team works full-time on the project.
Pure Project.
Identify the project structure if: Responsibility for the project lies within one functional area of the firm, and employees from that area work on the project, usually only part-time.
Functional project.
Identify the project structure if: A blend of pure and functional project structures – people from different functional areas work on the project, possibly only part-time.
Matrix Project.
Pure Project Structure adventages.
The project manager has full authority
Team members report to one boss
Shortened communication lines
Team pride, motivation, and commitment are high.
Pure project structure disadvantages.
Duplication of resources
Organizational goals and policies are ignored
Lack of technology transfer
Team members have no functional area “home”
Matrix Project Structure advantages
Better communications between functional areas.
Project manager held responsible for success.
Duplication of resources is minimized.
Functional “home” for team members.
Policies of the parent organization are followed.
Matrix Project Structure disadvantages.
Too many bosses.
Depends on project manager’s negotiating skills.
Potential for sub-optimization.
What does the critical path do?
Provides a wide range of scheduling information useful in managing a project, and helps to identify the critical path(s) in the project networks.
This has a critical impact on response rate, it cost structure, is inventory policies, and management and staff support requirements
Capacity level selected.
A measure of how close the firm is to its best possible operating level
Capacity utilization rate.
Whats lead time?
The time needed to respond to the customer order.
Whats lead manufacturing?
Achieveing high levels of customer service with minimal inventory investment.
When the product remains in a fixed location in the production system design.
Project Layout.
Its most common approach to developing this type of layout is to arrange workcenters in a way that optimizes the movement of material.
Workcenter.
Formed by allocating dissimilar machines to cells that are designed to work on similar products (shape, processing, etc.)
Manufacturing Cell
Designed for the special purpose of building a product by going through a series of progressive steps
Assembly Line and Continuous Layout
A method to evaluate the specific processes that material follow as they move through the plant.
Manufacturing process flow design.
The process of determining placement of departments, workgroups within departments, workstations, machines, and stock-holding points within a facility.
Facility layout.
Progressive assembly linked by some material handling device
Assembly line.
Cycle time meaning.
A uniform time interval in which a moving conveyor passes a series of workstations.
Cycle time formula.
Production time per day/ Required output per day (in units)
