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Biology 12: Unit 5- Enzymes And Homeostasis > Across > Flashcards

Across Flashcards

1
Q

Secrètes hormones directly into blood

A

Endocrine glands

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2
Q

Secretes hormones into ducts

A

Exocrine glands

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3
Q

The protein portion of an enzyme

A

Apoenzyme

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4
Q

The model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other

A

Lock and key

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5
Q

This enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

A

Goiter

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6
Q

Maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

A

Homeostasis

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7
Q

Insulin is an example of a

A

Peptide hormone

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8
Q

Every enzyme has WHAT at which it will work in the body. The exact value was of this will depend upon where in the body that enzyme is functioning. Values too far above or below will result in dénaturation of the enzyme

A

Optimal pH

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9
Q

A factor affecting the rate of a chemical change

A

Temperature
Surface area
Concentration
Catalyst

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10
Q

Organic, but non- protein cofactors are often derived from WHAT substances?

A

Vitamins

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11
Q

To cool the body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will WHAT

A

Dilate

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12
Q

Many WHAT are inhibitors that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

A

Poisons

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13
Q

WHAT occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of normal range

A

Adaptive response

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14
Q

Enzyme suffix

A

“Ase”

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15
Q

Enzyme activity is greatly reduced when temperature get too WHAT, this situation is irreversible

A

Hot

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16
Q

Components of the body that detect light

A

Photoreceptors

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17
Q

Increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction

A

Surface area

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18
Q

All of the body’s sensory receptors are connected to WHAT

A

Nervous system

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19
Q

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

A

Active site

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20
Q

Cofactors can belong to this group of substrates

A

Metals

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21
Q

Components of the body which detect chemical changes

A

Chemoreceptors

22
Q

WHAT increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

A

Catalyst

23
Q

When the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction binds to WHAT, in the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive.

A

Allosteric site

24
Q

When a protein’s shape changes by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

A

Denature

25
Q

Like mercury and lead cause the dénaturation of enzymes

A

Heavy metals

26
Q

Chemical messengers which help cells communicate

A

Hormones

27
Q

Organic, but non-protein substance which plays a role in forming a functioning enzyme

A

Coenzyme

28
Q

Refers to the combination of all chemical reactions that are occurring within an organism

A

Metabolism

29
Q

Components of the body which detect changes in blood pressure

A

Baroreceptors

30
Q

WHAT occurs when the increase in the (product) of an enzyme catalyzed reaction causes the rate of that reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

A

Negative feedback inhibition

31
Q

The idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

A

Induced fit

32
Q

The receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

A

Hypothalamus

33
Q

The enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar WHAT

A

Maltose

34
Q

WHAT is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

A

The activation energy

35
Q

A solution with WHAT will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

A

Higher concentration

36
Q

WHAT is very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

A

Positive feedback systems

37
Q

Enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become WHAT, however this situation can be reversed

A

Too low

38
Q

This enzyme catalyzes the décomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A

Catalase

39
Q

This element is required for the production of thyroxin

A

Iodine

40
Q

If your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntarily muscle contractions which makes you start to WHAT

A

Shiver

41
Q

Blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of WHAT where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to a slowing or ceasing of the corrective measure

A

Negative feedback systems

42
Q

In order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called WHAT which are typically inorganic ions of metals

A

Cofactor

43
Q

Components of the body which detect temperature changes

A

Thermoreceptors

44
Q

Refers to a sequence of enzyme-catalyzed chemical reactions which are linked to each other

A

Metabolic pathway

45
Q

Metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxin which is produced by WHAT

A

Thyroid gland

46
Q

A word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

A

Substrate

47
Q

Enzymes are said to be WHAT because each enzyme catalyzed only one type of reaction

A

Specific

48
Q

In an enzyme catalyzed reaction, reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzyme active sites are WHAT. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate

A

Saturated

49
Q

Lipid based hormones are composed of WHAT

A

Steroids

50
Q

A biological catalyst is called a(n)

A

Enzyme

51
Q

a molecule that binds to an enzyme and decreases its activity.

A

Enzyme inhibitor

52
Q

What causes a protein to denature

A

Temperature
pH
Radiation

Biology 12: Unit 5- Enzymes And Homeostasis (1 decks)

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