Acronym Meanings Flashcards
0
Q
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
Fetal and Neonatal Effects
A
- Early onset occurs w/in 1st week after birth, often w/in 48 hrs.
- Sepsis, pneumonia, and meningitis, are the primary infections in early onset GBS disease.
- Late onset occurs after 1st week through 3 months. Meningitis is most common manifestation.
1
Q
Group B Streptococcus
GBS
A
- Leading cause of life threatening perinatal infections in the United States.
- Colonizes in the rectum, vagina, cervix, and urethra
- Associated with Preterm rupture of membranes and preterm birth
2
Q
Group B Streptococcus (GBS)
therapeutic management
A
- Identification by vaginal-rectal culture between 35-37 weeks of gestation.
- Penicillin is the 1st line agent for antibiotic treatment.
- Intrapartum prophylaxis is not needed if planned cesarean birth.
3
Q
Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)
A
Amniotomy (artificial rupture of the amniotic sac) is often done in conjunction with induction or stimulation of labor or to permit internal electronic fetal monitoring. Although it is a common procedure, amniotomy implies a commitment to delivery.
4
Q
Artificial rupture of membranes (AROM)
Risks
A
The nurse must observe for 3 major associated risks:
- Prolapse of the umbilical cord- obstruction of blood flow & gas exchange.
- Infection- birth w/in 24hrs is desirable.
- Abruptio Placentae- premature separation of implanted placenta. a large area of placental disruption reduces fetal O2, nutrition, and waste disposal.
5
Q
Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
A
- Carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity that develops or is first recognized during pregnancy.
- Common prenatal screening test, glucose challenge test (GCT) administered between 24 and 28 weeks.
- a fasting glucose greater than 126 mg/dL or non fasting level of more than 200 mg/dL meet criteria for GDM
6
Q
Glucose Challenge Test (GCT)
A
- Fasting is not necessary for a GCT
- A women ingests 50 g of oral glucose solution and 1 hr later a blood sample is taken.
- if the blood glucose is 140 mg/dL or greater a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is recommended.
7
Q
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
A
- Gold Standard for diagnosing diabetes
- After fasting plasma glucose level is determined (no food for 4 hrs), the woman ingests 100 g of oral glucose soluiton. Plasma glucose levels are then determined at 1, 2, and 3 hours. GDM is the diagnosis if the fasting blood glucose is abnormal or if 2 or more of the following values occur:
a. Fasting, greater than 95 mg/dL
b. 1 hr, greater than 180 mg/dL
c. 2 hr, greater than 155 mg/dL
d. 3 hr, greater than 140 mg/dL
8
Q
GDM
Maternal effects
A
- HTN
- Preeclampsia
- UTI
- Labor dystocia, Cesarean birth, uterine atony w/ hemorrhage, after birth
- Birth injury to maternal tissues (hematoma, lacerations)
9
Q
GDM
Fetal and Neonate effects
A
- Congenital anomalies
- Macrosomia (>4000g)
- Intrauterine fetal growth restriction
- preterm labor, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth
- Birth injury
- Hypoglycemia
- Respiratory Distress syndrome
- Hypocalcemia, hyperbilirubinemia
10
Q
Gestational Age (GA)
A
- Full term ranges from 36-40 weeks of fertilization age, or 38-42 weeks of gestational age.
- Gestational age is measured from the first day of the last menstrual period, is about 2 weeks longer than the fertilization age.
- The gestational age assessment is an examination of the newborn to determine the number of weeks from conception to birth. It is important because neonates born before or after term and those whose size is not appropriate for gestational age are at increased risk for complications.
11
Q
Estimated Date of Delivery (EDD)
A
- A complete menstrual history is necessary to establish the EDD. It is common practice to estimate the EDD on the basis of the first day of the last normal menstrual period (LNMP), although ovulation and conception occur about 2 weeks after the beginning of menstruation in a regular 28-day cycle. The average duration of pregnancy from the first day of the LNMP is 40 weeks , or 280 days
12
Q
Fetal Heart Tone/Rate (FHT) or (FHR)
A
- Fetal heart sounds can be heard with a stethoscope by 16 to 20 weeks gestation. The electronic doppler may detect heart motion and makes an audible sound as early as 9 weeks.
- It is important to distinguish the fetal heartbeat from the maternal pulse. The fetal heart ranges between 110 and 160 bpm during the 3rd trimester. It should be auscultated at the same time the examiner palpates the maternal radial pulse. The FHR is muffled by amniotic fluid, and the location changes because the fetus moves freely in the amniotic fluid.
13
Q
FHR baseline
A
- Is the average heart rate, rounded to 5 bpm, measured over 2 minutes of clear tracing within a 10 minute window. During this 2 or more minutes, the uterus must be at rest, and episodes of significant increases or decreases must not occur.
- Normal rate averages from 110-160 bpm. Preterm infants are more likely to be on the high end as the PSNS is immature.
14
Q
Fetal Scalp Electrode (FSE)
A
- Detects electrical signals from the fetal heart.
- Areas to avoid for electrode application are the fetal face, fontanels, and genitals. The wire from the electrode protrudes from the mothers vagina and is attached to a leg plate to provide electrical grounding.
